摘要:

AbstractAspergillus japonicuswas grown in the presence of various aromatic compounds at 0.1 and 1 mg/mL, and extracellular xylanase and arabanase activities were measured. Some of the aromatic compounds tested, especially at the higher concentration, suppressed the appearance of hemicellulase activities, expressed as xylanase or arabanase. Vanillin at 1 mg/mL in the presence of either xylan or araban completely suppressed growth, and guaiacol andp‐coumaric acid markedly inhibited the growth ofA. japonicus. The effects of the aromatic compounds on the activity of crude enzyme preparations were also ascertained.In vitroarabanase activity was affected more than xylanase activit

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270802

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGlucose oxidase, invertase, and amyloglucosidase were entrapped in calcium alginate gels as concanavalin A complexes in order to prevent the leaching out of the enzymes from the porous matrix. The free as well as the gel‐entrapped concanavalin A‐glycoenzyme complexes exhibited a relatively high effectiveness factor, η, indicating good accessibility to the substrates. Concanavalin A‐invertase complex exhibited marked broadening of pH‐activity and temperature‐activity profiles and was highly resistant to temperature inactivation even after entrapment in the alginate beads. It was possible to entrap considerable quantities of invertase as concanavalin A complex in the beads without a marked decrease in η. A column containing crosslinked concanavalin A‐invertase complex entrapped in alginate beads retained the ability to completely hydrolyze 1Msucrose even after continuous operation for ove

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270803

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlcoholic fermentation represents a significant example of production of compounds utilizable as alternative energy sources. High ethanol concentration in the fermented wort is needed in order to reduce the energy consumption in the process of alcohol recovery. A particularSaccharomycesstrain, of theoviformisspecies, obtained from fermented worts exhibiting high ethanol concentrations is studied and compared with a commonS. cerevisiaestrain in order to show its skill in fermenting very concentrated sugar solutions with an energy saving of ca. 10%.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270804

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAspartate glucan, glycine glucan, and serine glucan obtained by reductive amination of oxalacetic acid, glyoxylic acid, and β‐hydroxypyruvic acid, respectively, with polyglucosamine were tested as chromatographic chelating media. Crosslinked glycine glucan exhibited high capacities for cobalt and copper, even in acidic solutions (pH 2.9). Breakthrough points for 10 mg/L solutions through 6.0 × 0.6 cm columns containing 200 mg of polymer were at 1.8 L for both ions; for 1 mg/L solutions, they were at 4.0 and 12.0 L for cobalt and copper, respectively. Crosslinked glycine glucan could remove microgram amounts of cobalt and copper from fluoride and chloride brines. Cobalt and copper could be separated by elution with 0.25Msulfuric a

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270805

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSugar compounds present in chopped solid‐sweet sorghum particles were fermented to ethanol in a rotarydrum fermentor (RDF) using an ethanol tolerant yeast strain. The influence of rotational speed of the RDF on the rate of ethanol fermentation was investigated and compared with static flask experiments. The rate of ethanol formation decreased with increasing rotational speed. The maximum rate and extent of ethanol formation were ca. 3.1 g EtOH/L h (based on expressed juice volume) and ca. 9.6 g EtOH/100 g mash, respectively, at 1 rpm rotational spee

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270806

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article deals with the mathematical modeling of the process ofenzyme immobilizationin porous membranes. During the initial period, an analytical solution is available to extract the rate constant for immobilization. Beyond this period, the model equations are solved numerically to yield the transient response of the enzyme concentration in the immobilizing solution and also the evolution of the enzyme loading profile inside the membrane. It is found that the immobilization practically ceases even through the attachment sites are still available within the membrane.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270807

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analytical model for dissolved oxygen concentration in an algal minipond was used to develop a new method for estimating, on‐line, the net O2production rate (OPR) of the biological process. The method was tested experimentally and was found to provide crucial information on the vitality of the biological process and to provide an early warning of a possible forthcoming collapse of the ecosystern. It is suggested that the newly developed model and measurement method could provide investigators with useful tools for optimization of algal cultivation in the laboratory and plan

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270808

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA classical quantitative (analytical and/or statistical) analysis is not appropriate for some ill‐defined and/or very complex bioengineering problems. Therefore, a new form of analysis using fuzzy mathematics has been developed. The fuzzy model can utilize semiqualitative and linguistic data which are to a certain level inconsistent. Bioengineering interpretation of the basic concept of fuzzy mathematics is given together with a numerical algorithm for a fuzzy evaluation of a model. A simple fuzzy model of a fermentor is studied in detai

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270809

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the serious problems limiting the application of full‐scale anaerobic fixed film processes is reactor startup. To better understand startup, studies with downflow stationary fixed film (DSFF) reactors were conducted to characterize the effects of influent concentration, support material, and surface‐to‐volume ratio on biofilm development and overall reactor performance. Materials with roughened surfaces gave the best startup performance and as expected increased surface area in the reactors led to more rapid increases in loading rates and higher ultimate loadings. Soluble influent COD concentrations between 5 × 103and 2 × 104mg/L influenced the rate of biofilm development. Lower COD concentrations resulted in faster development of the biofilm, even though ultimate loadings were not necessarily achieved as rapidly as in reactors fed higher strength wastes. No decrease in specific activity of the biofilms in each reactor was observed as the thickness of the biofilms increased to their maximum value at the ultimate loadings. The operation of reactors fed lower strength wastes was more stable than reactors receiving higher strength feeds at comparable loadings. Biofilm yield and activity, COD removals, suspended growth and activity, and other system parameters are di

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270810

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAspergillus fumigatuswas cultured in disc‐turbine‐agitated vessels and in an air‐lift fermentor. In the agitated vessels the yield of cellulase was reduced when the agitation rate was increased, although extracellular protein levels rose. The enzyme complex itself was shown to be exceptionally stable under conditions similar to those in the agitated vessels, so probably shear damage to the mycelium had occurred, liberating intracellular contents. These appeared to contain an inhibitor that could be removed by fabricated inorganic protein absorbents, such as kieselguhr and alumina. However, the inhibitor was not likely to be protease, since only relatively low levels could be detected and its identity has not been established. The use of an air‐lift fermentor avoided the shear effects due to use of the disc turbine agitator in the conventional fermentors, and yields of enzyme were then found to increase by about 20%, maximum yields being obtained at maximumKLa

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260270811

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY