摘要:

AbstractGlucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4, fromAspergillus niger) has been entrapped in a crosslinked 2‐hydroxycthyl methaerylate gel containing 20% poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The kinetic behavior and thermal stability of the entrapped enzyme were found to closely approximate that of the free enzyme. The entrapped glucose oxidase shows a broadened pH profile which is attributed to a buffering effect of the gel. Stability of gel entrapped glucose oxidase is extremely good at room temperature, suggesting a variety ofanalytical and control uses for this syste

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe utility of an immobilized enzyme depends not only on initial loading but also on operational half‐life. The loss of activity of an immobilized enzyme in a column reactor may occur in several ways. It is therefore of interest to determine whether the decay in activity is due to the rupture of any of the enzyme‐carrier bonds in the composite. In order to do this, it is first necessary to establish whether the enzyme on the composite is in fact covalently bound or adsorbed. In this report we have shown that there are a number of covalent links per protein molecule. We have also shown that the bond energies are sufficient to prevent shearing of the enzyme itself from the composite under any stresses which may occur in a chromatography column or packed‐bed reactor during continuous operation. The effect of the siloxane linkage on composite stability is also disc

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experimental investigation on the rheology of penicillin broths was undertaken in order to obtain more understanding of this important aspect of the fermentation process. The measuring technique consisted in observation of the torque exerted upon a rotating turbine impeller. The experimental data were interpreted in terms of a model which basically is a synthesis of a known relationship for the rheological behavior of printing ink (Casson equation) and some considerations analogous to the rheological description of polymer solutions (excluded volume concept). One of the key variables in the model is a morphology factor, which can be used for a quantitative description of mycelial morphology. The value of the morphology factor can be determined experimentally by a simple viscosity measurement in combination with a mycelial dry weight determination. There are strong indications that the model may be applicable to mycelial broths other than those of penicillin.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFormose syrup was studied as a carbon source for growth of a series of microorganisms obtained from various collections. Approximately 80 strains of bacteria, yeasts, and molds were inoculated into a medium containing formose syrup and mineral salts supplemented with small amounts of yeast extract and casein hydrolysate to supply accessory growth factors. Two preparations of formose syrup, produced by two different laboratories, were employed. Formose syrup I, characterized by a low sugar content, was poorly utilized; syrup II, containing a higher sugar concentration, was utilized to a greater extent. Two strains ofAerobacter acrogenesyielded 1.3 g dry cell mass from an initial charge of 10 g of formose II solids, whereas growth on 10 g ofD‐glucose amounted to 3.7 g.Klebsiella aerogenesMIT‐B44, the best microbial strain isolated from soil by an enrichment technique, produced 1.3 g cells from 10 g fromose syrup II solids in supplemented medium; in direct comparisons, it produced 10–15% more cell 0.7–0.9 g cells per 10 g formose and grew with a doubling time of 55–70 min. Under such conditions, its macromolecular composition was 52% protein, 22% RNA, and 2% DNA. Although the apparent yield of cells from formose was only 8–11%, the actual yield based on formose utilized was 30%, the same as observed with glucose.A second strain was isolated from soil by enrichment with spent broth fromK. aerogenes. This unidentified gram‐negative, short rod‐shaped bacterium grew in mixed culture with strain MIT‐B44; in unsupplemented media they produced 1.55 g cells from 10 g formose II solids and 2.9 g cells

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEvolutionary operation (EVOP) was used to experimentally investigate the optimum steady state operating conditions for a step aeration activated sludge waste treatment process. A laboratory scale two tank step aeration activated sludge unit with fixed total volume, total influent flow rate, recycle flow rate, and sludge wasting rate was employed. The volume ratio and flow rate ratio which minimized effluent chemical oxygen demand were determined. The results indicate that EVOP is a useful technique for improving the performance of biological processes.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of wall growth are described for a mixed methane‐utilizing bacterial population growing in both batch and continuous culture. These effects are similar to those predicted previously by a theoretical analysis (Topiwala and Hamer, 1971

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDisintegration of microorganisms in a continuously working industrial homogenizer has been studied. The homogenizer consists of rotating discs in a cylinder filled with glass beads. Different parameters for disintegration of baker's yeast were investigated. The disintegration process is a first‐order reaction and it is influenced by the flow rate of the suspension and by the agitator speed. At a flow rate of 200 liters/hr about 85% of the yeast cells can be disrupted in a single pass through the disintegrator. This type of disintegrator can be used for disruption of cells in order to produce single‐cell protein, active enzymes and other valuable cell compone

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260160211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY