ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA procedure to maintain genetic control of virus production in tissue cell lines, has been proposed and discussed. Both the tissue cell which replicates the virus and the virus inoculum must be homogeneous in order to produce a product with the expected characteristics. Certain philosophical and technical aspects of the problem are discussed in relation to developing and maintaining genetically homogeneous stock cultures, inoculum, and product.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVirus quantitation is discussed stressing the discrepancy between the biological titer and the physical virus particle count. When both these techniques are used in conjunction, one can more realistically catalog viral properties. The merits of this technique are exemplified in a study of the growth kinetics and properties of vesicular stomatitis virus in tissue culture.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBaby‐hamster kidney (BHK) cell cultures grown in rolling 2‐liter Baxter bottles are used for the production of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) which is subsequently purified. The bottles are held securely in round wire racks (19 per rack) and rotated on a three‐tiered roller mill. The use of a strongly buffered growth medium makes changes of the medium unnecessary. A sheet of aluminum foil is used to seal the cultures. It is pressed tightly over all the bottles in a rack by means of a polyurethane foam sheeting bonded to the underside of a rigid snap‐on cover. Special equipment eliminates removing the bottles from the racks at any stage in their use. The loaded racks fit directly onto headers of a glassware washer. Spent cell growth media and virus fluids are collected by inverting an entire rack of bottles‐Current production is 400 BHK cultures (21 racks) containing 8 × 108cells each after 6 days growth. About 344 of these cultures (18 racks) are used to grow virus. The purification process yields about 113 mg of pure FMDV per week; the overall recovery based on infectivity is 32%. The projected maximum production of purified virus in the present facilities is approximately 2.5 times greater th

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious multisurface mass‐scale tissue culture propagators ranging in capacity up to 200 liters have been developed at Abbott Laboratories. These patented units consist, of an enclosed vessel containing a multiplicity of separated glass plates or disks on which cells may attach and proliferate. Means for mixing and aeration of the medium are provided. Sample ports facilitate the addition of cultures and media, the withdrawal of samples, the washing of cell monolayers, and the harvesting of cells and cell products. The large cell growth surface per occupied volume, the provision for separating tissue cells from media simply and easily, and the minimization of the amount of labor required per cell growth area are some of the many advantages of the multisurface tissue propagator that are describe

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new concept of tissue culture equipment and procedures was developed for the mass‐scale growth of several types of animal tissue cells in monolayers on multiple glass surfaces. Continuous, cell lines, primary and diploid cell strains were grown in this equipment. Cells studied include primary bovine kidney, human diploid WI‐38, human foreskin, and mouse CCL1 cells. Photomicrographic comparisons of cells grown by these techniques indicate they are morphologically identical to tissue culture cells grown in glass bottles or tubes. The growth of the tissue culture cells in the propagator was monitored by carbohydrate Utilization and acid production. Large‐scale production of viruses and biochemicals on cells grown in the multiple‐plate tissue culture propagator was accomplished. Virus titers were equal to those obtained from conventional bottle or tube cultures for several strains of influenza, parainfluenza, and respiratory syneytial viruses. High‐titred mouse interferon was also produced in this system. In addition to tissue culture cell production, Eaton agent,Mycoplasma pneumoniaewas grown on the multiple glass surfaces on a m

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies of the possible viral etiology of human leukemia have required large quantities of cultured cells derived from human hematopoietic tissues. Since cultures sufficiently large and free from contamination could not readily be produced according to existing methods, a pilot, cell culture plant has been constructed for the production of mammalian cells in mass quantity. 500‐ml to 20‐liter trophocell units have already proved to be scientifically and economically practical, as they provide good reliability, excellent growth rates, and sustained yield of human cells. 200‐liter stainless steel culture units have now been added to the trophocell system. Five complete 200 liter units are now in operation. The design of the original stainless steel unit was based on that of a stainless steel, jacketed soup kettle. There are no openings in the vessel other than those in the lid, which provide convenient access points for sampling, sensor probes, etc. Environmental parameters, e.g., liquid level, temperature, and pH, are monitored and controlled with commercially available apparatus. Many initial problems connected with the new 200 liter units have been resolved, but operational and design problems remain in the areas of stable instrumentation, cell harvesting, salvaging and reuse of unspent media components, establishment of physiologic steady stale, recovery of virus‐containing cells with reculture of the remaining unaffected cells, and the recovery and separation of cell components and special products such as immunoglobulins, interferons, and hormones. A definitive cell plant with culture units of 20, 50, 250, and 1250 liters is now being cons

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study reports some findings on the effects of centrifugation on the viability of mammalian cells. The authors used Burkitt lymphoma cells cultivated in a synthetic medium containing 10% fetal calf serum for all experiments. Batch centrifugations were conducted in a RC2‐B centrifuge (Ivan Sorvall, Incorporated, Norwalk, Connecticut USA) operated at 0 and 25°C. During centrifugation we exposed the cells to gravitational fields ranging from 24,800 to 42.200g. The results showed that at, 0°C and 25,800 or 42,000gno loss in cell viability occurred for up to 90 min exposures in the centrifugal field. However, at 25°C and for gravitational fields of 24,800 and 42,000g, there were appreciable losses in cell viability. Continuous centrifugation studies in the Sharples supercentrifuge (Division of Penn Salt Corporation, Warminister, Pennsylvania USA) were also conducted with bowl speeds up to 28,000 rpm (19,000g) and flow rates ranging from 1.4 to 20 1, hr. Slight, losses in cell viability were noted and postulated as caused by the shear stresses encountered by the cells. Some pumping studies using the lymphoma cells substantiate this conclu

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe herpes‐type virus found in certain cell cultures derived from Burkitt's lymphoma, other human leukemias, and normal human leukocytes, was concentrated and partially purified by large‐volume density gradient centrifugation using zonal centrifuge systems. Using the Jiyoye (P‐3) cell line as a model, rate‐zonal runs on disrupted cell suspensions in sucrose gradients yielded concentrates with high virus particle counts when 10–15 ml of packed cells were processed per liter of gradient. Isolation and removal of cell nuclei or fluorocarbon treatment of cell sonicates permitted virus recovery from larger volumes of cells per experiment. Zonal centrifugation of concentrated cell‐free spent media from highly infected cell cultures yielded more purified virus than obtained from cells. Viral concentrates were prepared with particle counts of 1010–1011/ml and total protein concentrations of 0.2–0.5 mg/ml. Subsequent isopyenie‐zonal centrifugation of the various high‐count virus fractions from the zonal centrifuge showed a heterogeneity in buoyant virus density ranging from 1.18 to 1.27 in potassium tart rate. The spread in virus density was attributed to the different morphological forms of the virus observed by

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNew trends and developments in vaccines emphasized the growing need for safety tests of increased complexity, rather than a need for ultrasophisticated and complex devices. The Vaccine Development Branch of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, operating with an annual budget of $6,000,000 has the task of expediting the collaborative efforts of 50 laboratories for developing, producing, and testing experimental vaccine lots. Rubella has a major priority; other priorities are assigned to respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, influenza, and rhinoviruses, andMycoplasma pneumoniae. To accomplish this requires a very expensive and complex program involving rapid information exchange and increased emphasis on safety testing with regard to extraneous viruses and the oncogenic potential of the vaccines. The latter need resulted from such experience as that with the Salk vaccine and the tumorproducing potential of some adenoviruses. Electron microscopy has been useful in discovering possible viral contaminants. Of all material produced for experimental work, from 65 to 70% is used for safety tests.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260100511

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY