摘要:

AbstractB. subtilisα‐amylase was immobilized on cyanogen bromide activated carboxymethyl cellulose. The conversion of wheat starchwas carried out at 72°C in a stirred tank by soluble and immobilized α‐amylase. The initial reaction rate with immobilized α‐amylase was lower than with the soluble enzyme, but after 1 hr immobilized α‐amylase produced a higher quantity of reducing sugars than the soluble enzyme. The action pattern of immobilized α‐amylase was different from that of the soluble enzyme: immobilized α‐amylase produced relatively more glucose and maltose, except at the beginning of conversion. Immobilized α‐ readily hydrolyze G6. The starch conversion by immobilized α‐amylase was not diffusion controlled at a stir

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing previous work in which a mass and monoxenous culture ofVorticella microstomahad been successfully established (Water Res.,7, 615 lpar;1973) another species of Ciliata,Colpidium campylumwas subjected to continuous cultivation usingAlcaligenes faecalisas the sole bacterial food and asparagine as the limiting substrate. This work was primarily undertaken to reveal the interaction and biological oscillation between these two types of organisms which simulate theecological behavior of activated sludge.The fact that the bacteria tended to flocculate and/ or deflocculate depending on the protozoan populastion density was incorporated into the rate equations to account for the oscillation in individual population density of the predator‐prey system The mathematical approach presented earlier by canal and other workers forbiological oscillation used a homogeneously of the bacterial food wasoverelooked in the earlier publicatio

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe kinetic behavior of the enzymatic breakdown of crosslinked dextran (Sephadex) by a dextranase fromPenicillium funiculosumwas investigated as a model for enzymatic degradation of insoluble materials. A theoretical model is developed for the description of an enzymatic reaction on an insoluble substrate. Experimental data are compared to those predicted by the model which are calculated by using independently determined parameter‐values such as the Michael is constants, effective pore radius of the particles, and the Stokes radius of the enzymes. Fairly good agreement was found between the theoretical analysis and the experimental dat

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnzymes can be sorbed on inorganic carriers followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. In some cases superior results are obtained when the support is precoated with a porous layer of titanium oxide. Immobilized lactase prepared in this way retains essentially all its activity when stored under water at 23°C for long periods of time and loses activity only slowly while treating cheese whey at 55°C over the course of several weeks contact time. Furthermore, catalyst activity is unaffected by frequent sanitization. Optimum pH for these immobilized‐lactase catalysts (enzyme produced fromA. niger) is about 3.0 and optimum temperature is about 60°C. Amyloglucosidase catalase, L‐asparaginase, and trypsin have also been immobilized by these tech

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of solution to the problem of enzyme effectiveness factor has been presented. For a rapid estimation of the same, a graphical procedure is discussed which is sufficiently accurate for many practical situations. Applications to systems with rate dependent on position in the pellet and substrate and product inhibition is discussed. The case of concentration dependent diffusivity (facilitated diffusion) can also be solved by a simple transformation.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractE. coliwax grown exponentially at different temperatures in a bench scale fermentor. pH was maintained at 6.8 by ammonia which served also as the nitrogen source. Glucose was introduced semi‐continuously at a predetermined rate which ensured a glucose concentration of 25–50 g/liter during growth. The culture was sparged with pure oxygen.Yield constants for glucose, nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen were determined at the different temperatures of propagation.When all growth conditions, except temperature, were kept constant, the maximal possible yield of exponentially grown cell mass was found to be directly proportional to the doubling time. Concentrations of up to 55 g dry cells/liter culture were achie

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple mechanism of hydrocarbon uptake by microorganisms is examined. This model considers the presence of micelles of surface active agents as essential for growth of microbial cells on hydrocarbon substrates. Larger hydrocarbon droplets serving as reservoirs may also be present. Experimental results to support the model are presented. The results of others are explained on the basis of this model.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMacroreticular polystyrene beads may be converted into suitable supports for covalent binding of enzymes. In many respects the supports are physically similar to controlled pore glass (CPG). Our results for immobilized glucoamylase were very similar to published results using CPG as a carrier. The characteristics of immobilized papain were less satisfactory. The product exhibited a Z‐shaped activity‐time profile suggestive of the involvement of multiple mechani

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260170212

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY