摘要:

AbstractThe growth of the nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteriumRhodopseudomonas gelatinosawas investigated as a possible way to produce single‐cell protein from agricultural by‐products. Of the various raw materials examined as potential feedstocks, wheat bran infusion was selected as the substrate for mass culture and continuous cultivation studies. Harvested photosynthetic cells contained approximately 65.0% crude protein and 5.1% nucleic acid (RNA). The amino acid content of harvested photosynthetic proteins was comparable with conventional proteins of plant and animal ori

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmobilized β‐galactosidase gel was prepared using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) under β‐ray irradiation. In contrast to the gelation ofN‐vinylpyrrolidone monomer–enzyme solution, the gelation of PVP‐β‐galactosidase solution (PVP content: 10%) was almost completely uneffected by the dose rate and amount of phosphate present. PVP‐enzyme solution was gelled by irradiation with 3.0 Mrad. The expressed activity of the PVP‐enzyme gel was about 30% of the initial activity and added activity was almost totally entrapped. No leakage of enzyme from these gels could be detected. Leakage was, however, detected in the case of the gelation of PVP‐enzyme solution containing more than 1% of enzyme protein. When the general properties of the gel were compared with those of the native enzyme, the gel proved to be slightly inferior to the native enzyme with respect to optimum temperature, heat stability, pH activity, and pH stability. Continuous hydrolysis of lactose in acid whey could be carried out at 50°C using a column packed with the gel and sawdust and the degree of hydrolysis was found to be almost, constant for 12 days. The merits of using PVP in the immobilization of enzymes include the simplicity of the procedure and the fact that the PVP‐enzyme gel can be used in the food industry without anxiety because of its high degree of compatibilit

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe batch growth curves ofLaclobacillus delbreuckiiexhibit several exponential phases. From the results of a series of shaker flask experiments, the position of the slope changes in the growth curve and the overall bacterial yield is affected by the initial amount of yeast extract in the medium. It is postulated that this behavior is due to several growth enhancing substances that are initially in the yeast extract and are consumed by the bacteria during the course of the fermentation. Using a Monod‐type expression to represent the effect of growth enhancing components in a proposed growth rate expression, a mathematical model of the system is set up and solved on the analog compute

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA pure culture ofPseudoinonas putidawas grown in both a batch and continuous culture using phenol as the limiting substrate. Of two substrate inhibition models examined, the Haldane function was found to statistically best describe the kinetics. The applicable kinetic constants were either measured (μM,KI) or estimated (KS) from the experimental data. Particularly in the continuous culture, wall growth was found to exert significant effects on the broth biomass concentration and phenol conversion, both of which decreased with increasing amounts of wall growth. These effects are opposite to those predicted by wall growth models and to experimental results of others using mixed culture (activated sludge) systems

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCatalase was immobilized on commercially available monolithic catalyst supports and also on participate support obtained by crushing the monolith. The kinetics of the monolith‐ and particulate‐supported enzymes were analyzed in a continuous tubular reactor system and pressure drop was also monitored. Analysis of the results indicates that the monolith‐supported system presents very little resistance to flow which results in a considerably smaller pressure drop than is obtained in flow through particulate‐supported systems under comparable conversion conditions. Ceramic monoliths thus appear to be very suitable for use as enzyme supports in continuous tubular reactor applications, particularly where high pressure drops might be e

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmobilized chymotrypsin catalyzes esterification ofN‐acetyltyrosine in a medium containing high concentrations of alcohols. The hydrophilic support and inclusion of glycerol protect the enzyme activity and allow catalysis to proceed in the presence of only 10% (v/v) water. The same equilibrium concentration of ester is obtained whether reaction proceeds from ester or from free acid. Hates of ester synthesis and hydrolysis are similar when measured under the same conditions, but are at least one order of magnitude slower than optimal rates of hydrolysis. Subtilisin Carlsberg in the free, unmodified form catalyzes ester synthesis at even lower water concentrations; optimal rates are obtained at 5–15% H2O.Hydrolytic enzymes can thus be utilized as catalysts of synthesis reactions in nonaqueous solvents where synthesis is thermodynamically favored over hydrolysis; in some cases this may provide economic and/or energetic advantages over conventional techniq

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSimultaneous removal of organic materials and recovery of protein in the form of bacterial cells from a simulated high strength biodegradable wastewater was studied using thermophilic aerobic microorganisms. A naturally occurring mixed culture of thermophilic microorganisms was obtained from soil, wastewater, hay, silage, etc. A chemically defined medium containing glucose along with other essential nutrients was employed as the feed. The kinetic behavior of the culture was studied in a continuous culture at an optimum temperature of 58°C. Studies were also performed on the effects of solids retention time (SRT) on the observed cell yield and the protein and ash content of the harvested biomass. An economic analysis of the process or single cell protein recovery was given

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGas‐exchange conditions ofC. uliliscultures were analyzed by an on‐line, real‐time operating digital computer interfaced with a 250 liter, highly instrumented fermentor.Information obtained from the computer was correlated with wet chemical analytical data related to nucleic acid, protein, and ethyl alcohol production rates. Once the correlation was established, the computed gas‐exchange data, especially theRQwhich functions as an indicator of the cells physiological condition, could be used as a real‐time process status indicator which follows or forecasts events during the fermentation.It was also found that electrical noises generted on the sensor‐instrument level may handicap the interpretation of the meaning of computed process status indicators. Since “clear” data is considered as a prerequisite to follow the physiological conditions and perform control of environmental variables, a special computer program is necessary to filter the electric noises at the sensor‐instrument level prior to the on‐line, real‐time data analysis for process

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe suitability of hornblende as a support for immobilized β‐fructofuranosidase (invertase) was studied, with regard to the physical stability of the support and the thermal and operational stability of the immobilized enzyme. Hornblende was more stable than Enzacryl‐Alo or Enzacryl‐TIO, and marginally more stable than porous glass. Invertase immobilized on hornblende was more stable during long‐term operation than invertase immobilized on porous glass. An active preparation of immobilized invertase was obtained also on pyroxene p

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260171111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY