摘要:

AbstractA procedure for measuring the rate of heat production from a fermentation has been developed. The method is based on measuring the rate of temperature rise of the fermentation broth resulting from metabolism, when the temperature controller is turned off. The heat accumulation measured in this manner is then corrected for heat losses and gains. A sensitive thermistor is used to follow the temperature rise with time. This procedure is shown to be as accurate as previous methods but much simpler in execution. Using this technique, the rate of heat production during metabolism was found to correlate with the rate of oxygen consumption. Experiments were performed using bacteria (E. coliandB. subtilis), a yeast (C. intermedia), and a mold (A. niger). The substrates investigated included glucose, molasses, and soy bean meal. The proportionality constant for the correlation is independent of the growth rate, slightly dependent on the substrate, and possibly dependent On the type of organism growth. This correlation has considerable potential for predicting heat evolution from the metabolism of microorganisms on simple or complex substrates and providing quantitative parameters necessary for heat removal calculations.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA pilot‐scale process for the isolation of an aliphatic, amidase fromPseudomonas aeruginosahas been developed. A constitutive, partially irrepressible mutant was employed to give a high initial enzyme concentration. An existing laboratory isolation procedure has been scaled up and modified particularly by substitution of polyethylene glycol for ammonium sulfate precipitation as the first stage in the conversion of the fractionation to continuous operation. Full recovery of activity was achieved with the modification. The recovery of enzyme from a subsequent chromatographic stage was 85% and the maximum overall purification was 28‐f

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKinetic studies on fermentation processes were made and a general equation of production rate was newly presented applying the kinetic theory on mierobial cell growth which was reported previously by the authors.l,2Equations for product concentration in fermentation time courses were derived by developing mathematically the general equation of production rate, and characteristic properties of fermentation processes were clarified. Some examples of fermentations were analyzed kinetically using the new kinetic theory. The calculated values of product, and cell concentrations were in good agreement with the observed values.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA steam sterilizable oxygen electrode for fermentor use is described. The electrode has a silver cathode, lead anode, phosphate electrolyte, and a membrane of a fluorinated ethylene‐propylene copolymer film (FEP.).The electrode has a linear response to partial pressure of oxygen from 1.5 × 10−2to 103m

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPenicillin amidase was extracted fromEscherichia coliATCC 9637, grown on phenylacetic, acid and glutamate, and purified by fractional ion with streptomycin sulphate, ammonium sulphate and polyethylene glycol, followed by chromatography on DEAE–cellulose. The purification factor was 100–200 × and the overall yield was about 115%. The enzyme was chemically attached to derivatives of cellulose and the kinetics of these insolubilized penicillin amidase preparations was investig

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAmyloglucosidase (EC. 3.2.1.3), partially purified from an Aspergillus species, was chemically attached to DEAE cellulose using the bifunctional reagent 2‐amino‐4,6‐dichloro‐s‐triazine. The action of the insolubilized enzyme derivative on dilute maltose and dextrin solutions was studied in a packed bed. A second and deeper bed was used to demonstrate the possibility of a continuous process for raising the dextrose; equivalents of “glucose” liquors of high concentration formed by acid hydrolysis of

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe properties of β‐galactosidase attached to cellulose and DEAE‐cellulose sheets arc described. Those insoluble enzyme derivatives obey the Michael‐Menten relationship but, the measured kinetic parameters are very dependent on the flow conditions. The results of long‐term stability tests a

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results achieved by the cultivation of the yeast.Candida lipolyticaon gas oil are referred. By using a distillation fraction of gas oil distilling between 180–400°C, containing 10–20% ofn‐alkanes, the optimal condition for biomass production and deparaffination were estimated for various dilution rates and various amounts of gas oil in the medium. The main factor, which influences the yield coefficient by hydrocarbon fermentation is the polyauxie of the hydrocarbon substrate. The penetration of dispersed hydrocarbons into the yeast cell is demonstrated on electron micrographs and the velocity and reversibility of this process is estimated by using tritium‐traced he

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCultivation ofNorcardia sp.,Mycobacterium phlei, andCandida lipolyticain inorganic salt solution containingn‐alkanes C10–C20as solo carbon and energy source was investigated. Generation times of 0.5–7.0 hr were typical during the exponential growth phase. The final cell concentrations (dry weight) were usually 9–26 g/l withn‐alkane mixtures ranging fromn‐decane throughn‐eicosane. A linear dependence was found between the production of cell mass and the consumption ofn‐alkanes. The rest concentration ofn‐alkanes in the cell mass is in all experiments smaller than 0.5% (w/w). Cell yields wereYsub60–142% and forYe50–97% based onn‐alkane utilization. In one case, with theNocardiaNBZ 23, the substrate specifity on hydrocarbons and on an‐alkane mixture C10‐C20was studied. The cell mass recovered from the fermentations contained 47.8–57.7% carbon, 5.6–9.95% nitrogen, 7.2–9.4% hydrogen, 35–62% crude protein, and 6–36% lipid. Cellular protein and lipid synthesized by an organism is influenced by the type of nitrogen source. The amino acid, glucosamine, muramic acid, 2,6‐diaminopimelinic acid, and fatty acid distribution in organisms grown onn‐alkanes compared with a corresponding fermentation on glucose

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260110311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY