摘要:

AbstractIn the present work methods and results of investigations on optimal construction of fermentor elements by multifactor planning at a random number of levels of any factor are presented. The optimal design of column fermentor of 0.02–100 m3volume with sieve plates containing downcomers and with power introduced by aerating gas has been worked out. Several alternative designs have been compared by examining mass transfer rates, power requirements, and other operating characteristics. Several fermentor designs with the power introduced by aerating gas are discussed with respect to their performance for cultivating various microorganisms (yeast and bacteria

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230602

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mechanism of Solid particle flotation was used for explaining an alternative route of oxygen uptake by cells situated within the relatively stagnant liquid region adjacent to bubbles in a submerged culture. The Two‐phase model of oxygen uptake takes into consideration uptake from both liquid and gaseous phases, the latter being denoted as the direct uptake. Experiments obtained with yeast cultures on different substrates were used to evaluate the proportion of both types of uptake. The combined model provides a better fit to experimental data compared to the one‐phase model which omits the direct uptake. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of the enhancement of oxygen absorption by cells present near the interf

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsingCudrania tricuspidatacells as model plant cells which have high sensitivity to hydrodynamic stress, technology problems in the cultivation of the plant cells at high density were investigated. Using “shake” flasks on a reciprocal shaker and Erlenmeyer flasks on a rotary shaker and with a high supply of oxygen on order to obtain high cell densities in shaken cultures, particles breakdown and damage to the largest cell aggregate group (above 1981 μm in diameter) occurred and normal cell growth became impeded. The mass‐transfer coefficient (K)for a model solid–liquid system (β‐naphthol particles and water) in place of a system of plant cells and a liquid medium was proposed as an intensity index of hydrodynamic stress effects on plant cells in subsequent cultures under various conditions in the bioreactor systems. Normal cell growth was obtained under culture conditions forKvalues less than about 4.4 × 10−3cm/sec. The characteristics of various bioreactors used until now were investigated by considering the three main technological factors (capacity of oxygen supply, intensity of hydrodynamic stress effects on plant cells, and intensity of culture broth mixing and air‐bubble desperation). The most suitable bioreactor for culturing plant cells at high density was ajar fermentor with a modified paddle‐type impeller (J‐M). The yield of cell mass in the 10‐liter J‐M (working volume 5 liter) was about 30 g dry we

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe thermal of free and immobilized α‐chymotrypsin was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The inactivation process of free α‐chymotrypsin was analyzed with a kinetic model which included a first‐ order reaction process and autolysis. The effects of ionic strength, Ca2+concentration, and temperature are discussed here in terms of the estimated kinetic parameters included in this model. The inactivation process of α‐chymotrypsin immobilized onto various supports by several methods was investigated. The Contribution of thermal denaturation and autolysis to the inactivation depended upon the method of immobilization. To interpret quantitatively the non‐first‐order thermal denaturation process of the immobilized enzyme, a model in which the heterogeneity of the immobilized enzyme was taken into accou

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Optimal temperature control policy for an immobilized glucose isomerase reactor system was studied. This optimization study takes into consideration the enzyme deactivation during the continuous reactor operation. The Kinetic parameters including reduced Michaelis–Menten constant (K̄m), reduced maximum reaction rate (V̄m), equilibrium constant (Ke), and enzyme deactivation constant (kd) and their functional relationships to temperature were determined experimentally. The optimization problem was formulated in terms of maximization of fructose productivity as the objective function. The optimization problem was solved by making use of a maximum principle and the control vector iteration method. Approximately optimal temperature control policy was employed as compared with the reactor operation at an optimum constant temperat

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn improved process for the isolation of thienamycin, produced by the actinomyceteStreptomyces cattleya, has been developed. The isolation procedure consists of three chromatographic steps, volume reduction by reverse osmosis between the steps, and freezedrying for obtaining the final product. The chromatographic steps are as follows: (1) ion exchange chromatography on Dowex 1 × 2 resin in the bicarbonate cycle, (2) gel chromatography on Dowex 1 × 2 resin in the chloride cycle, (3) reverse phase chromatography on XAD‐2 resin. This procedure is useful for processing large volumes of fermentation br

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article and develops a process for large‐scale production of glycerol by means of a hemophilic algae. The process is shown to be economically and technically feasible. Although the proposed process is extremely capital intensive, the total production cost is competitive with existing glycerol process. In addition, the overall energy requirement is much lower than that of the petrochemical process. This proposed process provides an alternative route for glycerol production that is minimally dependent on fossil fuels and is therefore, less sensitive to crude oil availability and price. The primary raw material carbon dioxide from stack gas, is an inexpensive and renewable resource. Maximal Utilization of solar energy is made not only in the glycerol synthesis steps but also in the product recovery system. Significant improvement in the process economics can be realized through further development of large‐scale cultivation technology, and biomass distribution and collection machinery. Due to the labor intensive nature of the proposed algal process, it is particularly suitable for less developed nations with limited fossil fuel resources and lower labor co

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFermentation of xylose byKlebsiella pneumoniae(ATCC 8724) producersmesoand nonmeso2,3‐butaneodiol. The enzyme Kinetic of 2,3‐butanediol stereoisomer formation from acetone is currently under study in our laboratory. Modeling of these kinetics requires resolution ofmesoandracemic2,3‐butanediol and positive identification of these resolved components. We report their resolution by aqueous liquid chromatography on both an analytical and a preparative scale. The resolved stereoisomer were identified by a combination of gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy,13C‐NMR spectroscopy, optical activity, and, melting points of them‐dinitrobenzoyl eaters ofmesoandracemic2,3‐butanediol. An aqueous liquid chromatographic technique for resolving and qualifying major components of a butanediol fermentation mixture in 40 min i

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUse of Ultrafiltration membrane systems in stirred cell and in thin‐Channel systems for immobilizing enzyme (sweet potato intrinsic and β‐amylase) in hydrolysis of sweet potato through a continuous operation mode were studied. Both the filtration rate and reducing sugars, produced as the result of enzymatic hydrolysis, decreased with the filtration time. The immobilized enzymes in the thin‐channel system showed a much better performance compared to that in the stirred cell system. Addition of crystalline sweet potato β‐amylase to the sweet potato increased both the filtration rate and reducing‐sugars content. Alcoholic fermentation of the filtrate resulted in an alcohol content of 4.2%. This represented fermentation of 95% of the sugars with an effici

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA previously presented model for an airlift fermentor is extended by considering the variations of pressure along the tubes. The fluid dynamics of the system is represented with the acid of correlations obtained from experiments. Only oxygen concentrations are considerations are considered. The influences of the various parameters affecting the system are analyzed. The model allows prediction of oxygen concentrations in the different points of an airlift fermentor and calculation of the best values of the gas flow rate.

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260230611

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY