摘要:

This investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship between the amount of the polymorphoruclear leukocye (PMN) cnzyme mycloperoxidasc (MPO) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected from periodontius sites before and after root planning and (1) gingival drsease status described by clinical indices. (2) the quantity of GCF. and (3) differential dark‐field coums of Subgingival plaque microorganisms. Similar measurements except dark‐field microbial counts, were made at sites with minimal signs of periodontal disease. Higher levels of GCF MPO occurred at periodontals sites. Reduced enzyme activity fooled instrumentation therapy. The reduced enzyme activity, however, was not specifically associated with decreases in clinical indices. GCF MPO was only weakly dependent of GCF volume Consequently a major portion of the greater GCF MPO observed before root planning reflected a characteristic of the lesion other than a difference in GCF volume. Before therapy more GCF MPO was noted at sites with a greater number of subgingival plaque microorganisms. However, there was no relationship between GCF MPO and the proportion of spirochetes, mobile and rod forms in the samples. These data support the conclusion that the quantity of GCF MPO reflects factors other than those associated with clinical parameters commonly used to assess inflammatory periodontal dise

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes in the susceptibility of plaque bacteria to chlorhexidine treatment were investigated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorhexidine on two kinds of bacteria commonly found in supragingival plaque. Streptococci and actinomyces were isolated from plaque samples collected from subjects participating in a clinical trial comparing a 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse to a placebo mouthrinse. The isolates were inoculated onto media containing varying concentrations of chlorhexidine to determine the MIC of chlorhexidine during the six‐month treatment period and three months after cessation of treatment. While significant differences in the sensitivity of these two bacterial strains to chlorhexidine were seen sporadically, no consistent pattern of resistance emerged. It was concluded that prolonged use of a 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse did not alter the composition of the oral microflora toward organisms less sensitive to chlorhexidine. This conclusion was further supported by the clinical findings in this trial that showed chlorhexidine's effects on plaque and gingivitis indices were maintained throughout the six‐month treatment period. Three months after the mouthrinse was discontinued, the MIC's of chlorhexidine on isolates from placebo‐treated and chlorhexidine‐treated subjects were the same as pretreatment values. Thus, no residual change in resistance was observed nor were there any adverse changes in the microbial

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new approach (pool‐expansion) has been applied for quantifying thein vivofractional rate of gingival collagen production. This approach obviates a major shortcoming inherent in a lraditional tracer approach; decreasing specific radioactivity S. R., DPM/μg proline of tissue free‐Phlproline oocurring throughout the interval during stuch production is meausured, Poolexparision, involving the injection of excess unlaheled proline concomitant with a tracer amount of nidiotabeled proline, has been judged successful for incisor gingiva of non‐diabetic control rats by the following enteria. (I) the S. R. of gingival tree‐PHlproline remained constant from 0.5 to 2 h after Phlproline anjection and (2) during this interval, radiolabeled collagen Phlhydroxyprobne S. R. inereised linearly in contrasl pool‐expansion in gingiva of diabetic rats was less successful 0.5 h after injection, the S. R. of gingival free S. R. of gingival freep‐Phlproline was less than that after 2 h. indicating incomplete pool‐expansion at 0.5 h.For meisor gingiva of non‐diabetic control rats, the fractronal rate of collagen production 1–1% a day is slouer than that in rat skin, For incisor gingiva of diaberic rats, the fractronat rat

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The experimental gingivitis model was used to compare the antigingivitis, antiplaque, and antimicrobial efficacies of two commercially available (a phenolic and a plant alkaloid) compounds used as mouthrinses with those of a mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine digluconate. Thirty‐one male and female volunteers with healthy gingivae and clean teeth ceased all oral hygiene procedures for 21 days during which they rinsed twice daily with: a) a phenolic compound (Listerine®), b) sanguinarine (Viadent®), c) 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, or d) a placebo mouthrinse. After 21 days of rinsing, virtually no signs of clinical gingivitis were observed in the chlorhexidine group. Subjects rinsing with Listerine, Viadent, or placebo developed clinical signs of gingivitis as measured by gingivitis occurrence, severity, and the proportion of gingival bleeding sites. At the same time, plaque accumulation was only slightly higher than at baseline in the chlorhexidine group, while the Listerine, Viadent, and placebo groups had significantly greater plaque accumulations, particularly during the initial period of treatment between day 0 and day 7. Microbiological enumeration of supragingival plaque collected at the end of the treatment period showed that chlorhexidine digluconate reduced plaque bacteria by 62–62% compared to the placebo group. No significant reductions in plaque bacteria were found among subjects using Listerine or Viadent.This study demonstrated that 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate was superior to Listerine and Viadent in its ability to maintain optimal gingival health during the entire three weeks of mouthrinse use. It was of particular interest to note these effects during the final 14 to 21‐day period of extreme challenge in this experimental model when gingivitis severity and bleeding site occurrence are most pronounced in the placeb

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01516.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The secretion of3labeld glycoproteins from periodontal ligament fibroblasts was, studied by light and electron microseopic radioautography. At 5, 10. and 20 minutes after intravenous injection,3H‐fucose was concentrated in Golgi cisternae and saccules. By 35 minutes, the label was dispersed to the cell periphery and extracellular matrix. At 8 hours after injection, almost all of the radioactive label was associated with the cell surface or the adjacent extracellular matrix. Labeled glycoprotein was contained in collagen secretion granules and appeared to be relesasd simultaneousley with the collagen precursors The distribution of3H‐fucose labeled material was uniform across the periodontal ligam

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies of gingival blood flow have used techniques that were discrete, invasive, or only applicable to animals. The present study assessed this parameter in 10 healthy humans using a noninvasive laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF), Blood flow rate was determined in the interdental papillae. Free and attached gingival, and alveolar mucosa, Measurements were made continoulsy at four sites per patient and discontinoulsy at 21 sites per arch representing the four locations. The effects of heat, cold, pressure, and occlusal force on blood flow were measured.Blood flow wave patterns differed consistently by tissue type, Mean blood flow was singnifiantly hinger (p<0.001) in alveolar mucosa than in the gingival. Both heat and cold produced initial hyperemia, followed by a rapid return toward baseline. Localized pressure caused ischemia followed by reactive hyperemia in all tissue types, Transient ischemia was seen during occlusal force at the free gingival margin of test teeth, but blood flow in adjacent interdental papillae and attached gingival remained unaltered. A significant difference (p<0.001). The LDF offeres promise as a noninvasive method to study gingival blood flow.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In selecting antimicrobial agents for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases, the following factors should be considered: 1. Specificity, 2. Efficacy, 3. Substantivity, 4. Safety, 5. Stability. Using these criteria, several antibiotics and antiseptics have been evaluated in recent years for chemical plaque control. While antibiotics are mostly used under a specific plaque hypothesis, antiseptics are more suitable for a non‐specific plaque concept. Several antiseptics hinder plaque formation or even break up old plaque. For example, quaternary ammonium compounds, combinations of metal ions with pyrimidines or with fluorides, phenolic compounds, and plant alkaloids have yielded a plaque reducing effect of 20–20% and have also delayed slightly the development of gingivitis. Years of documented research have established that chlorhexidine digluconate is safe, stable, and, owing to its great substantivity, effective in preventing and controlling plaque formation, breaking up existing plaque, and inhibiting and reducing the development of gingivitis. In studies of 6 months and longer, chlorhexidine has been shown to reduce gingivitis by 50–50% compared to a placebo control. Chlorhexidine is the most effective and most thoroughly tested antiplaque and antigingivitis agent known

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The fibroblast population of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in impeded and unimpeded rat incisors was investigated. The material examined was limited to the functional compartment of the cementum‐bordering tooth‐related PDL (t‐PDL) located between 7 mm and 15 mm from the tooth origin. In five albino rats, weight 200g, the lower left incisor was left to erupt unrestrainedly for three weeks (900μ/day) and in five other rats, eruption of the incisors was imeded (450μm/day). The left mandibles were dissected and fixed: the incisors were demineralized, embedded in glycolmethacrylate, and cut into 2‐μ transverse sections. The sections were used to produce a three‐dimensional reconstruction of the PDL by means of computerized histomorphomety and to count the fibroblast population. The obtained data was combined, thus providing information on cell kinetics. The size of the tooth‐related PDL remained uniform along the impeded teeth, while in the unimpeded incisors it increased gradually in incisal direction, the total volumes estimated as 2.65 mm3and 2.07 mm3, respectively. The calculated mean cell living space was 1,327 μm1in the impeded teeth, rising in the unimpeded ones from 503μm3to 858μm3in the ineisal direction. The estimated total number of fibroblasts in the PDL of the impeded teeth was 2,000X103, the mean daily production rate amounting to 115x103cells, while in the unimpeded incisors these numbers totaled 2,957x103and 336x103ce

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY