摘要:

An accumulation of inflammatory cells in the tissue adjacent to the newly established dentogingival junction of erupting teeth has been reported by several investigators. In order to elucidate the role played by bacteria in the induction of this presumed defence reaction against irritants from the oral cavity, the first and second molars were studied in seven germfree rats aged 14 to 20 days and in age‐matched control animals. After previous demineralisation and embedding in paraffin the molars on one side were serially sectioned sagittally.Inspection of the molar areas revealed no differences in the stage of eruption between the two groups. Also, the general histologic picture was almost identical in the two groups. Before fusion of the dental and oral epithelia, only the ordinary cells of loose connective tissue were present. As soon as the molar appeared in the oral cavity, both germfree and control animals regularly showed some accumulation of inflammatory cells in the vicinity of the epithelial confluence.The greatest number of cells as well as an absolute dominance of leucocytes was noted at the onset of the reaction. Later, lymphocytes became frequent, but then the total number of inflammatory cells, and the proportion of lymphocytes, was smaller in the germfree animals than in the controls. At this stage the numbers of inflammatory cells also varied considerably in different areas around each mola

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01964.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ninety‐five Mexican‐American children ranging in age from 5 to 13 years of age and residing in Muscatine, Iowa were examined using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI‐S) and the Orthodontic Treatment Priority Index (TPI) to test the hypothesis that the children with the most severe handicapping malocclusions would also exhibit the poorest oral hygiene. An approximately equal number of males and females were divided according to age into three groups (5–7, 8–10 and 11–13). The TPI and OHI‐S scores for each child within a group were ranked so that the Spearman rank correlation coefficient could be calculated and tested for significance using the “t” test. There was observed to be no significant correlation between oral hygiene as scored by the OHI‐S. and occlusal disharmony a

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01965.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present investigation was undertaken to study the changes in the gingivae of a group of human subjects whose only active effort at oral cleanliness was to chew raw carrots. Eighteen male dental students 20–24 years of age, were studied using the Gingival Index system (GI) of Löe and Silness (1963), the Plaque Index system (P1I) of Silness and Löe (1964) and gingival exudates measurements according to Egelberg (1964). The participants were told not to use any active oral hygiene measures for a period of eighteen days. During this time, nine of the students were given three raw carrots three times a day. These were carefully chewed for two to three minutes under supervision.That the regular chewing of raw carrots had no influence on the degree of plaque formation, is proved by the fact that at no examination was the difference between the Plaque Index scores of the experimental and the control groups statistically significant. Thus, the active mastication of the raw carrots appeared to have no significant toothcleansing effect.This investigation has also demonstrated that, when all active tooth cleansing is discontinued, healthy gingivae will develop chronic inflammation and pre‐existing gingivitis will gradually become aggravated. The Gingival Index scores and exudate measurements clearly indicate a gradual deterioration of the gingivae of all the subjects throughout the eighteen days of experiment.The increases in the GI‐values and in the gingival exudation were of the same magnitude in both the experimental and the control groups. This shows that the chewing of fibrous food had no influence on the rate of deterioration of the gingivae when no tooth‐cleansing was

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the presence and amounts of free glucose, hexosamine and hexuronic acid in the gingival exudate. Exudate was sampled on filterstrips from individuals with different degrees of gingival inflammation. The strips were weighed before and after absorption of exudate and the exudate was calculated. The exudate was extracted and the content of glucose, hexosamine and hexuronic acid was determined colorimetrically. In keeping with previous studies the amount of exudate increased with the severity of inflammation. Exudate glucose varied between 1.13 and 7.09 μg/mg exudate. The hexosamine content was approximately 0.6 μg/mg and the hexuronic acid concentration varied between 50 and 60 μg/mg. The possible sources of origin of the carbohydrate components are discuss

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hyaluronidase activity in dental plaque material was studied using hyaluronic acid as substrate and a viscosimetric method for determining the activity. Although the enzyme activity varied between different patients, two optima at pH 5.5 and 6.5 were found, suggesting the presence of more than one enzyme. A marked decrease in enzyme activity was found even after 1 day storage at ‐20°C. Gel filtration experiments on Sephadex G‐200 revealed at least 2 different fractions, one in the void volume and one close to the void vo

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Amylase, proteases and hyaluronidases were separated from dental plaque material with the aid of gel filtration on Sephadex G‐100 and G‐200. The filtration values of these enzymes were compared to those of proteins of known molecular weight. Good agreement was found between the values estimated from gel filtration and the known values.The calculated values for the different enzymes in the dental plaque are:The hyaluronidase, H1>300.000, H2∼200.000, H3∼150.000 and H4∼100.000. The proteases, PIIa∼40.000, PIIb∼23.000 and PIIc∼18.000. The

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The changes in the periodontal tissues of the rat, when submitted to inanition, were studied at body weight losses of 4, 8, 12, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40 per cent. Histological and histochemical methods were used to investigate the effects.It was possible to establish that the tissue changes started in the middle portion of the periodontal membrane, migrating in the beginning towards the alveolar bone and only in a later stage towards the cementum. There were no structural changes in the gingival mucosa. The results obtained are discussed in the light of the varying known metabolic rates of the various zones.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using the method described previously the periodontal state of two hundred and two skulls was examined by calculating the Tooth Cervical Height Index. The skulls were selected from seventeen racial groups, detailed records being available concerning each skull. The attrition index modified from Davies and Pedersen (1955) and the calculus index (Ramfjord 1966) were also estimated. Multiple regression analysis revealed that TCH‐index was not dependent on the age, sex or body height. A significant dependence was shown, however, between TCH‐index and the calculus index, and between TCH‐index and the degree of attrition. The mean TCH‐index for one hundred and one skulls which had been found within fifty miles of the sea was 1.89 ± 0.47 while for one hundred and one skulls collected further inland was 2.98 ± 0.89; a significant dependence was detected in the

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Biopsies of the marginal gingiva obtained from 21 caucasoid subjects (average age of 25 years) served for the electron microscopic examination of melanin containing organelles in keratinocytes of the oral epithelium. Basal and suprabasal keratinocytes situated at epithelial rete pegs of the free and attached gingiva were observed to contain granules of melanin representing premelanosomes as well as single and compound melanosomes. These organelles were either randomly distributed or preferentially located at the cell poles or arranged around the nucleus. Single melanosomes were 0.31 ± 0.08 micron long and 0.12 ± 0.04 micron wide. Compound melanosomes were areas, 0.36 ± 0.12 micron in diameter, bound by a unit membrane and containing numerous single melanosomes which in part appeared to dissolve in granules. There was a centrifugal transport of melanin containing organelles with advancing keratinocytes. Single and compound melanosomes were occasionally found in cells up to the upper stratum spinosum. The findings are discussed with regard to comparable observations as well as in connection with the prevailing theories of melanin transfer and degradati

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1969.tb01973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY