摘要:

An epidemiological study of periodontal disease in Ibadan, Ilora, Akufo and Ijebu Ode schoolchildren aged 10 years and older was conducted in 1964. The study involved 1161 Ibadan, 227 Ilora, 85 Akufo and 147 Ijebu Ode schoolchildren. Periodontal disease was assessed using the Periodontal Index and oral cleanliness was assessed using the Oral Hygiene Index. Periodontal disease was highly prevalent, over 99 per cent of the children examined were affected. The periodontal disease was severe, the majority of the children had severe gingivitis or early destructive periodontal disease. There was a regional variation in the severity of periodontal disease. Periodontal pocketing was present in 11 per cent of Ilora, 15 per cent of Akufo, 40 per cent of Ibadan and 72 per cent of Ijebu Ode children aged 10 to 14 years. The P. I. for the Ibadan primary schoolchildren aged 15 to 19 years was higher than the P. I.for Ibadan secondary and grammar schoolchildren of a similar age. In Ibadan grammar schoolchildren the mean P. I. for 15 to 19 year olds was lower than the P. I. for 10 to 14 year olds whereas the P. I.for primary and secondary schoolchildren did not show this decrease with increasing age. The O.H.I. was higher in children aged 10 to 14 than 15 to 19 years and males had poorer oral cleanliness than females. It was concluded that the grammar schoolchildren had less severe periodontal disease and better oral cleanliness than primary and secondary schoolchildren and that there was a regional variation in the severity of periodontal disease which may be associated with variations in diet.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The object of this investigation was to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of periodontal discase in dogs. The material comprised 62 dogs with an age range from three months to twelve years. Periodontal disease was registered by means of Russell's Periodontal Index and debris and calculus by Greene and Vermillion's Oral Hygiene Index. The following results were obtained: 1. Periodontal disease, debris and calculus were found in 97 % of dogs and showed a statistically significant increase with age. 2. Both calculus and deposits of debris on the teeth had a statistically significant, independent effect on the severity of periodontal disease. 3. Periodontal destruction occurs approximately five times faster in dogs than in humans. However, this may be explained by the greater amounts of deposits on the teeth of dogs.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This investigation was undertaken to study the influence of an increased level of estrogen and progesterone upon gingival exudation in gingivitis‐free female dogs. Four female dogs constituted the experimental material. For three weeks prior to the hormone study all were supplied with a hard diet consisting of raw bovine tracheas. In addition, the teeth were cleaned every second day with rubber cups and pumice. During the experimental period gingival fluid was collected from the buccal areas.The intra‐crevicular method was applied in three quadrants and the extra‐crevicular in one quadrant. A total of seven strips from six teeth were measured in each quadrant. Gingival fluid was sampled five times during the course of this study; once immediately before and once seven days after each of the two hormone periods and twice during the course of hormone administration. During the first hormone period comprising 52 hours, each dog was twice given 1 mg estrogen and 25 mg progesterone. During the second hormone period, which also lasted for 52 hours, the dose of each hormone was doubled. The hormones were injected intramuscularly in the hind leg. The results show that when the intra‐crevicular technique of sampling was used, the administration of estrogen and progesterone induced an increased flow of gingival fluid. The increased gingival exudation was observed in all four dogs and occurred in both of the hormone periods. At the end of the period of sex hormone administration the gingival exudation returned to normal. The present study also showed that no influence of sex hormones on gingival exudation could be demonstrated by the extra‐crevicular sampli

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether or not repeated administration of estrogen and progesterone induces an increased gingival exudation in dogs.Five female mongrel dogs constituted the experimental material. Six months prior to the start of the hormone experiments and during the experimental period the animals were given a soft gingivitisinducing diet. During the “hormone‐periods” each dog was given 1 mg estrogen every second day, and 25 mg progesterone every day. The hormones were injected intramuscularly in one of the dogs hind legs. The degree of gingival exudation was assessed by the method described by Brill (1959) and Egelberg (1964).The results of the investigation clearly show that, in dogs with a manifest chronic gingivitis, the administration of estrogen and progesterone causes a rise in the amount of exudate obtainable on filter paper strips inserted into the gingival crevice. The termination of the hormone supply resulted in a marked and rapid decrease in exudation. This increase and decrease of the amount of gingival fluid in relation to the increase and decrease of the estrogen and progesterone level indicate that these female sex hormones affect the permeability of the dento‐gingival

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twelve male dental students with healthy gingiva were subjected to a 3 week period without oral hygiene. During this period 6 subjects rinsed their mouth 3 times daily with a 0.5 per cent solution of vancomycin, while 6 subjects rinsed with distilled water. In both groups gingival plaque accumulated rapidly and after 3 weeks all participants developed gingivitis. Clinically no difference could be detected between the two groups. The microflora of the plaque accumulating in the group rinsing with water developed according to the pattern observed in previous investigations. In the vancomycin group this pattern was not followed. Gram‐positive bacteria did not proliferate, and after 5 days rinsing with vancomycin only gram‐negative bacteria were seen in stained smears and impression preparations. Spirochetes were never observed. In cultures of bacterial plaque a few gram‐positive bacteria were found in most but not all of the samples collected at intervals during the experimental period from subjects in the vancomycin group. It is concluded that a predominantly gram‐negative bacterial flora is able to form plaque and elicit gingival inflammation in

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01934.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Experimental gingivitis was induced in 21 individuals. Oral hygiene was abolished on the buccal and interproximal tooth surfaces of one side of the mouth in the mandibular premolar and molar area. The other tooth surfaces served as controls and were subject to thorough oral hygiene measures. After 15–17 days, when clinically manifest gingivitis had developed in the non‐cleansing side of the majority of the subjects, biopsies were obtained from that side as well as from the control side. Histological examination of tissue from the experimental side revealed inflammatory infiltrates largely confined to the connective tissue adjacent to the pocket epithelium. The cells were mainly medium‐large and small lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts. A few neutrophilic leukocytes were observed mostly inside the vessels and adjacent to and within the pocket epithelium. Immature and mature plasma cells were seen in the central regions of the connective tissue, but were scant or absent nearer to the pocket epithelium The distribution of the different types of mononuclear cells might be consistent with a transformation of lymphocytes into plasma

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01935.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The changes in epithelial structure due to inflammation were studied with the electron microscope. The material comprised biopsies from inflamed gingivae in 12 adult patients. The first change noticed in the epithelium was a widening of the intercellular spaces. When the widening was of moderate degree intermediate junctions, tight junctions and desmosomes were still observed. With increased widening the intermediate junctions disappeared first, then the tight junctions and, as a subsequent change there was a reduction in the number of the desmosomes. Leucocytes of different types were often present between the epithelial cells. In some areas, the lamina densa was diffuse or completely absent. Whether this was a real breakdown or an artefact is difficult to decide. In the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells there were numerous glycogen granules and swollen mitochondria with reduced numbers of cristae.More advanced changes consisted of localised disintegration of cytoplasm and other changes of the type that precede cell death. The possible effects of these morphological changes upon epithelial permeability are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01936.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chronically inflamed human gingival was studied by electron microscopy, with particular emphasis on alterations in the tissues adjacent to the gingival sulcus. In spite of dilated intercellular spaces in the crevicular epithelium recognizable bacteria remained confined to the most superficial layers of the epithelium. Such spaces did, however, contain a variety of emigrating cell types, cellular debris, lysosomes and a granular precipitate. Lysosomes were also detected in the connective tissues and were released from disrupting neutrophils. Morphological variants of the plasma cell series formed the majority of the inflammatory cell population. The synthesis and extracellular release of proteins (immunoglobulins) was suggested in light of their morphological appearance.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01937.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY