摘要:

The maxillary canines and second and third premolar teeth, together with supporting bone and gingival tissues, were surgically removed from a nine month old Beagle dog. All the gingival units showed clinical signs of gingivitis. At the orifice of the gingival crevice the plaque comprised a dense, mixed bacterial population. Within the crevice spirochaetes were first observed in association with other Gram‐negative bacteria, but more apically they appeared to be the only organisms present. Coronally the spirochaetes were aligned parallel to one another and at right angles to the tooth surface. More apically the spirochaetes were loosely arranged and randomly orientated within a finely granular material. Occasionally spirochaetes were seen within the widened intercellular spaces of the superficial layers of sulcular epithelium. Beyond the spirochaete zone the attachment of the junctional epithelium to the enamel had been destroyed. It is suggested that the characteristic distribution and arrangement of spirochaetes within the gingival crevice is related to the growth requirements of these organism

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The accumulation of bacterial plaque on teeth is now generally accepted to be the prime etiologic factor in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Various plaque fractions were shown to affect in vitro cell growth and to produce degenerative changes within the cells. In the present work, the effects of a water soluble plaque extract (PE) on cell growth and morphology were studied. Plaque from several patients was pooled and a soluble extract prepared. Various concentrations of PE were added to BHK21cell cultures at different phases of the normal growth curve. The results indicate that cells grown in the presence of PE show marked cellular damage and inhibition of cell growth. Similar effects were observed when PE was added at different phases of the normal growth curve, even though earlier treatment resulted in increased inhibition. The results support the hypothesis that soluble plaque components may damage crevicular and attachment epithelia, thereby initiating an inflammatory reaction and pocket formation in vivo.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The chemotactic response of human PMNL cells to: 1) normal plasma or serum, 2) heat inactivated plasma or serum, 3) autologous plaque mixed with saline, 4) autologous plaque mixed with a complement source (plasma or serum), and 5) autologous plaque mixed with heat inactivated plasma or serum was examined using the Boyden chamber technique. The results indicated serum to be more chemotactic than plasma but that the chemotactic properties of both were heat labile. The addition of autologous plasma to plaque enhanced the chemotactic response in some subjects and inhibited the response in others. Similarly, heat inactivated plasma mixed with autologous plaque suspension strongly inhibited the chemotactic response in 30 % of the subjects tested. The mechanism of this inhibition is unknown but cross matching experiments between individuals indicated that this effect was transferable by plasma.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One to eight injections of BSA or saline were given into the gingiva of sensitized or nonsensitized rats. The mucous membrane of untreated rats was found to be mildly inflamed. A single injection of BSA or saline caused moderate to severe gingivitis. The severity and incidence of gingivitis decreased with increasing number of injections of BSA or saline into the mucosa. This phenomenon of induced “local non‐reactivity” is similar to that observed in the parotid gland after multiple introductions of an

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two groups of littermated hamsters with polyglucan‐forming streptococci in their oral flora, were set up in identical but separate quarters and fed a cariogenic diet. The control group was untreated, whereas the test group was inoculated orally with polyfructan‐forming streptococci (Strain SS‐2) by swabbing the teeth for four days. After forty‐four days, the animals were evaluated for dental caries, bone resorption and gingival mast cell population density.The inoculated hamsters showed a 2.24 X increase in dental caries, an 1.82 X increase in bone resorption, and a 1.50 X increase in mast cell numbers. The increases in each of these three parameters was statistically highly significant. The role of polyfructan‐forming streptococci in causing dental caries directly, and increasing numbers of mast cells with accompanying bone resorption along the alveolar crest and other periodontal disease symptoms is

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fresh samples of hydantoin induced hyperplastic, healthy and inflamed human gingiva were studied histochemically using various azo dyes for β‐glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), for β‐ and β‐glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20 and 3.2.1.21) as well as β‐galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and for N‐acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), in order to add support to the hypothesis that hydantoin induced hyperplasia is always connected with inflammation.Moderate β‐glucuronidase activity was observed in healthy, inflamed and hydantoinhyperplastic gingiva. The distribution of the enzyme activity was similar in all types of the tissue except the stratum corneum. The healthy gingiva did not reveal this activity whereas the inflamed and hydantoinhyperplastic gingiva did. The stratum basale and spinosum of the epithelium, the fibroblasts and the inflammatory cells, especially the macrophages, revealed enzyme activity in all types of tissues. In the healthy tissue only a few inflammatory cells were seen and thus the β‐glucuronidase activity was low when compared to inflamed or hyperplastic gingiva.Weak β‐galactosidase, N‐asetylglucosaminidase and β‐glucosidase activity was seen in all types of gingival samples. Enzyme activity was observed in the same structures as β‐glucuronidase with the exception of the stratum corneum, which revealed no activity.The relatively strong β‐glucuronidase activity in the keratinized cell layer of the epithelium of inflamed and hydantoinhyperplastic tissue may be due to the microbial enzyme diffusion into the keratinized

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effect of daily use of three disclosants, erythrosine, fast green and sodium fluorescein, compared to a saline control, on subsequent plaque deposition. Twenty subjects refrained from all oral hygiene for four consecutive 7 day periods. Each subject rinsed each night with a disclosing solution or saline as assigned and according to a design using 5 restricted Latin Squares of 4 subjects each.At 7 day intervals, plaque score (modified Quigley‐Hein, J. Periodontology, 41:41, 1970), plaque weight and absorbance were evaluated and each subject received a rubber cup prophylaxis and another disclosant was assigned. The data revealed no significant differences between the groups of subjects using the various disclosants or saline, demonstrating that daily use of these agents has no effect on rates of plaque formation as determined clinically. There was a statistically significant increase in plaque accumulation (20 %) in all groups by completion of the experiment despite the weekly prophylaxis. All subjects had a moderate to severe gingivitis by the end of the fourth wee

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty subjects were used in a clinical trial of the effect of 3 disclosants (erythrosine, fast green, sodium fluorescein and normal saline) on plaque score, plaque weight and EDTA dispersion. Five 4×4 Latin Squares of a restricted type were employed, so that carryover effects can be estimated most efficiently. Each of the 20 subjects used each of the 4 test agents for a week at a time. The details of the design and of the statistical analysis are presented.There were no significant carryover effects for any of the study solutions on plaque score, plaque weight or EDTA dispersion. The 4 disclosants did not differ significantly from each other in their effect on the 3 variables. In the case of plaque score, the fourth week gave significantly higher average values than the first three weeks. In the case of plaque weight, the values in the first week were significantly elevated.The correlation coefficients between the 3 indices of plaque accumulation were only modest in size. The relatively low correlation between the 3 variables suggest that in a clinical trial the results with the 3 variables will not necessarily confirm each other

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY