摘要:

Bone‐seeking radio pharmaceutical uptake (BSRU) was used to examine alveolar bone metabolism in a longitudinal study of tetracyclinc efficacy ID beagle dogs. BSRU was measured in untreated control dogs and in beagles receiving either 250 mg or 500 mg oral tetracycline‐HCI daily for 16 months. The rate of boneless was determined from radiographs taken semiannual!)’for a 6‐month pretremment period and for a 24‐month treatment period. Measurements of BSRU obtained ai month 16 of treatment were correlated with rates of bone loss determined radiographically in an attempt to determine whether BSRU was indicative of the subsequent rate of boneless. A reduced rate of alveolar bone loss was found in the 500 mg tetracycline group at month 16 of the study relative to the untreated controls which was consistent with the decreased bone‐seeking radio pharmaceutical uptake observed in this group. A significantly increased BSRU (p<.0001) was found in the 250 mg tetracycline group at month 16 of study relative to the untreated and 500 mg tetracycline groups. A rapid increase in the rale of bone loss in the 250 mg tetracycline group which was not detectable prior to 16 months of treatment became evident radiographically by 24 months. Thus, increased BSRU in the 250 mg teiracyclinc group appeared to detect the loss of the effect of telracycline on reducing the rate of alveolar bone resorplion in these beagles several months prior to radiographic evidence of the loss of the effect of tetracycline (escape

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Direct hislological comparison was made of periodontal healing in the beagle dog with and without citric acid conditioning. The acid was applied into one of two small standardized cavities which were prepared on the root surface through a semilunar mucosal incision and a surgically‐created fenestration in the facial alveolar bone. Comparisons were made by general study of serial sections as well as histometric assessments, with particular attention to the formation of cementum. Acid treated cavities exhibited increased cementogenesis as compared to controls. The extent of cementum, its thickness and its area in the sections were, on the average, nearly three times that of the controls. New cementum and connective tissue in the acid treated cavities exhibited minimal artifactual separation from the dentin, whereas in the controls, separation was widespread, signifying that a weaker physical attachment had developed. Differences in the extent of bone formation were not significant. The study confirms a positive effect of citric acid conditioning on cementogenesis and reattachmenl, demonstrating effectiveness with application limited strictly to the root surfac

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two cases of typical Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome in one family were reported. Neither patient showed evidence of systemic disease as assessed by the medical history and a battery of clinical laboratory tests including a screening system for the detection of inborn errors of metabolism.A survey of the patients’ immunological status, including lymphocyte transformation tests using mitogens and polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemoiaxis studies, gave no indication of disturbances in immunological functions and host defense mechanisms. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discus

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objective of this study was to determine whether gram‐positive organisms frequently isolated from the periodontium in health and disease contain polyclonal B‐cell activators. Extracts from numerous bacterial strains includingActinomyces viscosus. Actinamyces israelii, Actinomyces NV, Eubacteriun nodatum, Eubacterium brachy, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Peptostreptococcus microswere tested. All of the organisms contained activity above background, but none of the activators were more potent than pokeweed mitogen, and most were less than half as potent. The aclinomyces appeared to be more active than the eubacteria. streptococci, or peptostreptococci. These PBAs could be significant virulence fact

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The microflora associated with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) in beagle dogs was investigated in three comparative studies. In the first study beagle dogs were involved harboring different stages of NUG; in the second and third studies the NUG lesions were induced by topical application of debris from a NUG lesion to the gingiva of dogs which had been pretreated with Kenacort A40R.The microorganisms of diseased and NUG free sites were compared by microscopy in gram‐stained preparations of supra‐ and subgingival samples. Most bacterial types were observed in all dogs, in diseased and NUG free sites. Distinct quantitative differences were observed for the intermediate spirochetes in the supra‐ and subgingival samples of the diseased sites. The other bacterial types were observed in variable numbers. The fusiforms were found in higher numbers in the subgingival samples of the NUG free animals.A spirillum not described previously was observed especially in relation to inoculated and diseased dogs.It is concluded that the induction of transmissible lesions in beagle dogs offers the possibility for studying the microbial and host factors related to NUG in an animal model: further investigations will aim at the occurrence of spirochetes and spirillae in relation to necrotizing ulcerating gingi

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifteen gram‐negative, saccharolytic rods isolated from advanced periodonlal pockeis were compared to type and reference strains of Arlinohacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemaphilus aphrophilus, and reference strains of Haemophilus paraphrophilus. Phenotypic features of organisms were used in cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from all strains and moles percent guanine plus cytosine content determined. DNA/DNA homology experiments were performed between reference strains of each species and oral isolates. Five strains from periodontosis lesions, two strains from Papillon‐Lefevre periodontal lesions, and four strains from periodontitis pockeis of adults were similar to A. actinomycetemcomitans by cluster analyses and by DNA/DNA homologies. Except for a single H. paraphrophilus isolate, the H. aphrophilus and H, paraphrophilus isolates could not be distinguished as two distinct species as there was overlap in biochemical characteristics and DNA/DNA homology. Two strains isolated from periodontosis lesions, two strains from adult periodontilis sites, and three oral reference strains were very similar to each other and to the H. aphrtiphilus type strain using phenotypic features. Hydrogen peroxide decomposition was not found to be a consistent feature of A. actinomycetemcumitans strains isolated from periodontal pock

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies have shown thatCapnocytophagaspecies are unique among the periodonlal microorganisms so far tested in that they produce marked leucine aminopeptidase, valine aminopeptidase, and cystine aminopeptidase activities. In this paper, we used the expanded API ZYMAP (API‐System, La Balme les Grottes, France) system to survey 18Capnocytophagastrains for their ability to hydrolyze 57 synthetic substrates of β‐naphthylamide derivalives of amino acids, dipeplides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, and pentapeptides. In general, the study strains exhibited marked hydroiylic activity against all test β‐naphthylamides bearing a free N‐terminal α‐amino group, The hydrolytic activity varied little among the strains. Since aminopeptidases can be involved in bradykinin formation and degradation of collagen fragments and other events ofthe inflammatory process, theCapnocytophagaaminopeptidases may be important virulence factors inCapnocytophaga‐associated period

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the interaction of bacteria or other particles with neutrophils, oxygen consumption is increased, and unstable reduction products are produced. Chemiluminescence is the light energy produced in the neutrophil by the generation of unstable oxygen radicals. These oxygen radicals are thought to be important in the destruction of bacteria as well as host tissues. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the ability of Gram‐negative plaque bacteria to stimulate neutrophil chemiluminescencein vitro.The major groups of bacteria examined wereFusobacterium, Bacteroides, Capnocytophaga. Selenomonas. and Trcponema. Of these bacteria,Fusobacterium nucleatumhad by far the greatest ability to stimulate neuirophil chemiluminescence in the absence of serum. Our results suggest that stimulation of neutrophil chemiluminescence byF. nucleatumis mediated by a protein moiety on the bacterial cell surface. This conclusion is supponed by experiments demonstrating significant inhibition of neuirophil chemiluminescence by heat, 2% formalin, or trypsin pre‐treatment ofF nucleatum. Also, neutrophil chemiluminescence was stimulated in a similar fashion with intactF. nucleatumonly by the cellassociation centrifugation pellet of sonicatedF. nucleatum. The monosaccharide D‐galactose. which is a component of erythrocyte glycoproteins andF. nucleatumlipopolysaccharide. caused significant inhibition of neutrophil chemiluminescence at 100 mM final concentration. The unusual and pronounced ability ofFusobacterium nucleatumto stimulate neuirophil chemituminescence in the absence of serum might be important in the pathogenicity and/or host defense in periodontal di

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Neutrophils (PMN) are considered to be key components in the protection of the periodontium against pathogenic bacteria. We therefore compared five of the major characteristics of peripheral blood PMN (PB‐PMN) (adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, oxidaiive metabolism, and lysosomal granules) to those of normal crevicular neutrophils (CR‐PMN) isolated from the same individuals. The data indicate that the presence of Fc and C3b receptors, and the production of superoxide are similar in CR‐PMN and PB‐PMN. In addition, healthy gingival sulci harbor a high percentage of stimulated PMN as determined by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay. The percentage of CR‐PMN which phagocytized opsonized red blood cells (RBC) was lower than that of PB‐PMN. Thein vitromigration of CR‐PMN was reduced as compared to that of PB‐PMN. Crevicular neutrophils also have a diminished ability to adhere to glass surfaces which may be related to a direct non‐cytotoxic effect of gingival fluid component(s) on CR‐PMN. In addition, morphologic evidence indicates that specific granules are more depleted than azurophil granules in CR‐PMN. Interpretation of studies of neutrophil functions in periodontal diseases must consider the observed differences between normal peripheral blood and c

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of extraneous hyaluronidase, trypsin, hyaluronic acid, chrondroitin sulphate, and commercial heparin on the synthesis and secretion of proteoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) by gingival epithelium in short term incubations was investigated by autoradiography. Small pieces of human gingivae were incubated at 37°C in tissue culture medium (T.C. 199) for 75 min. The first 15 min incubation included a “pulse” of (35S)‐sulphate, after which the radioactive incorporation was “chased” in radioactive free medium. Cryostat sections of these pieces were cut, air dried, slide fixed with cetylpyridinium chloride, and prepared for autoradiography. The effect of the various additives in the “pulse” or the “chase” incubations on the autoradiographic localization of incorporated (35S)‐sulphate in the epithelium was noted.The responses by the epithelium to the enzymes hyaluronidase and trypsin were different. The former caused marked tissue disruption, probably due in part to degradation of the ground substance. Synthesis and secretion of sulphated macromolecules were evident when the lower concentrations of hyaluronidase were used. Tissue disruption appeared to be less severe. Trypsin in the medium of the gingival incubations appeared to cause both metabolic and secretory disruption. Both the sulphated polyanions, chrondroitin sulphate and heparin, when added to gingival incubations, showed inhibition of localization of (35S)‐sulphate label inlercellularly. Chrondroitin sulphate included in the “chase” incubations alone resulted in the inhibition, while only low concentrations of heparin caused any inhibition. These latter data were curious. The interpretations of a comparison of the data from “pulse” and “chase” additions of the non‐sulphated hyaluronic acid imply that there was an initial inhibitory effect on secretion which in turn resulted in a subsequent regulation of synthesis of the intercellular sulphated macromolecules. These data and those derived from other tissues such as endothelium, cartilage, and chondro

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY