摘要:

A new method to study the displacements of human teeth in three‐dimensional space is presented. This non‐invasive technique uses recent developments in the double‐exposure pulsed laser holography to measure the displacements of maxillary central incisors of the human with an accuracy of 0.05 μm. The incisor was loaded with a force of 300 grams in the lingual‐labial direction parallel to the occlusal plane. The holographically determined displacements at a point on a crown were then reduced to obtain the center of rotation and also to compute the displacements at the alveolar crestand

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With the ambient temperature well regulated (22.8 + 0.2°C, mean ± 95 % confidence limits) the gingival sulcus temperatures of 21 human subjects were measured, and gingival plaque indices recorded. All subjects had clinically healthy gingiva. The sulcus temperatures of the mandibular teeth were found to be higher than those of the maxillary teeth by 0.7 ± 0.2°C. In both arches, the sulcus temperatures of the molars exceeded those of the incisors by 1.5 ± 0.3°C, this difference being statistically significant. The mean gingival sulcus temperature averaged over the entire dentition was found to be 33.9 ± 0.4°C. Attempts to show a correlation between gingival inflammation and sulcus temperature, although unsuccessful, suggested that such a correlation might be demonstrated through the use of more sophisticated instrumentation. The profile of normal gingival sulcus temperatures established herein shows a marked agreement with published data concerning the distribution of the blood supply to the periodontal ligaments of individual human teeth. It could serve as a reference for studies of heat transfer in dental and periodontal tissues as well as providiong a clinical norm for use in the assessment of periodontal infla

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Radiolabeled microspheres were injected into the left cardiac ventricle in healthy adult dogs to quantify blood flow in maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and pulse contour were monitored throughout each experiment.Blood flow in maxillary alveolar bone was more than 30 % greater (p<.001) than in mandibular alveolar bone. Alveolar bone blood flow (mean ± S.D.) measured as ml/min per gram was 0.12 ± .02 in the maxilla compared to 0.09 ± .02 in the mandible. The cardiovascular paramenters monitored were constant immediately prior to the injection of microspheres and remained unchanged during and following injection.It is possible that radiolabeled microspheres can be used to quantify the circulatory changes in alveolar bone during the development of destructive periodontal disease in do

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine whether periodontal disease in the golden hamster, induced by a six‐month feeding of Keyes 2000 hyperglucidic diet, resulted in altered bone remodeling activity. The results show a significant increase in Howship's lacunae without changes in the extent of resorbing surface along the alveolar walls; this increase is associated with a significant decrease in the extent of bone formation surface. The same pattern is observed along the endosteum in the septa but is associated with a significant increase in the extent of actively resorbing surface. These results therefore indicate that there is a significant decrease in bone formation associated with the previously oberved increase in bone resorption during experimental periodontal diseas

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new technique for evaluating the vertical component of bone loss in rats is described in which silicone base impression material is utilized. The extent and pattern of bone loss in germfree rats is compared to the bone loss in gnotobiotic animals infected with eitherStreptococcus mautansstrain 6715 or withActinomyces naeslundiistrain I or withActinomyces viscosusstrain T 14. In general, after approximately 60 days of infection the gnotobiotic animals demonstrated patterns of bone loss similar to germfree animals although the extent of loss was more marked. The major increases in bone loss (both horizontal and vertical) were observed in the period between 60 and 90 days of infection. The major destruction offurs on the lingual aspects of maxillary molars. Vertical bone loss was greater inA. naeslundiiinfected animals than inS. mutansinfected animals.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Groups of weanling gnotobiotic rats of the Sprague‐Dawley strain were monoinfected with isolates ofCappocytophaga, strains 4, 6 and 27, and withFusobacterium nucleatum, strain 325, Bacteroides strain 289c andEikenella corrodens, strain 1073. All caused periodontal disease between the first and second maxillary molars, with migration of the epithelial attachment, destruction of the alveolar bone by osteoclasts and impaction of debris. No plaque was formed.Capnocytophaga, strain 4, caused almost complete destruction of the periodontium by 42 days. The other organisms were less pathogenic, but all caused considerable destruction of the periodontium by 84 day

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mechanisms of PMN lysosome release in response to dental plaque were investigated in virto. Human peripheral blood PMNs were exposed to pools of homologous supragingival and subgingival plaque. Under these condition, cells actively responded by releasing lysosomal markers (lysozyme, β‐glucuronidase, myeloperoxidase and lactorferrin) but bot lactate dehydrogenase, a non‐lysosomal enzyme, into the culture medium. Although phagocytosis of plaque. bacteria may be one mechanism to account for PMN lysosomal discharge, evidence is presented to support the concept that PMNs may be relevant in explaining the role of PMNs and lysosomes in the pathogenesis of periodntal dis

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The flora of 16 supragingival and 11 subgingival calculus samples from 20 patients was studies using both selective media incubated aerobically and anaerobically. 767 representative isolates, from a total of 1,320 were charaterised and 653 assigned to genera or species.Gram‐positive organisms present in>50% of all samples were Streptococcus sanguis (96%), Streptococcus mitior (93%), Actinomyces naeslundii (78%), Actinomyces israelii (72%), Rothia dentocariosa and Bacterionema matruchotii (70%) and Actinomyces viscosus (67%). the most prevalent Gram‐negative species were Neisseria pharyngis (89%), Selenomonas (80%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (78%), Bacteriodes melaninogenicus and Leptotrichia buccalis (70%), Camylobacter (60%), Veillonella alcalescens and an unidentified Gram‐negative rod (59%) and Eikenella corrodens (56%).The calculus flora was more complex than histological studies had previously suggested, with up to 22 species found in a single sample. there was qualitative similarity with the flora of dental plaque formed at the margin of the gingivae, the chief difference being the absence of Streptococcus mutans and the increased prevalence of Str. sanguis serotype I/II.A. naeslundii, A. viscosus and V. alcalescens were more prevalent in subgingival samples and N. pharyngis, B. melaninogenicus in supragingival. In view of the small number of samples examined these differences may not be highly signif

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A simplein vitrosystem has been used to culture 34 species of microorganisms derived from human calculus. A confluent growth on the surface of an agar dise, was subjected to a daily 4 hr incubation in culture medium followed by 20 hr in a metastable solution of calcium phosphate, in a simplified organ culture vessel, for 7–17 days. Smears, taken daily, were stained by Von Kossa's method for the demonstration of calcification. 18 species showed evidence of calcification. In addition to the previously reportedBacterionema matruchotii,Streptococcus salivarius,Streptococcus sanguis(Sherman type 1),Veillonela alcalescensand aNeisseriaspecies, calcification was also demonstrated inActinomyces naeslundii, 1 strain ofActinomyces viscosus, an unidentified catalase positive facultative Gram‐positive rod,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Micrococcus varians,Eikenella corrodens, aCampylobacter sp.,Eubacterium saburreum, an unidentified Gram‐negative rod,Haemophilus aphrophilus,Haemophilus segnis,Bacteroides melaninogenicusandPropionibacterium acnes.The Gram‐negative flore of calculus thus shares with the more frequently studied Gram‐positive species the property ofin vitrocalcification. Since the surface of calculus is covered with plaque containing a high proportion of Gram‐negative microorganisms, it is suggested that they may play a larger part in the production of calculus than had been indicated

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Specimens of clinically healthy keratinized human gingiva from the buccal, palatal and lingual surfaces of the maxilla and mandible were examined under the light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Light microscopy confirmed that the gingiva was cilinically healthy. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of irregular depressions, corresponding to the macroscopic stipples, on the buccal gingiva but not on palatal or lingual gingiva. The oral surface of the most superficial cells was covered with micropits.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY