摘要:

Human teeth with adhering periodontal tissues were obtained and processed for electron microscopy. Thin sections were cut through cementum and adjacent soft tissue. An increased occurrence of nonbanded fibrils was observed near the root surface adjacent to marginal areas of chronic inflammation. Bundles of fine filaments protruded from the cementum surface as extensions of cross‐banded matrix fibrils. Nonbanded filaments were seen between collagen fibrils in the periodontal ligament as well as in direct continuation of such fibrils. In areas were beading of the filaments could be distinctly observed, the periodicity of the beading often corresponded to the periodicity of collagen cross banding. The number of filaments present in various sites appeared to be inversely proportional to the amount of intact collagen fibrils remaining. The location and appearance of the nonbanded structures indicate that they to a large extent represent partially decomposed collagen fibril

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The increased degree of gingivitis during pregnancy may be ascribed to both the influence of bacterial plaque and the action of sex hormones on the microvascular system. The present investigation was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism behind the changes in vascular structure and function in healthy and in slightly inflamed tissues following an increased blood concentration of estrogens, progesterone and chorionic gonadotropin. The cheek‐pouch of oophorectomized female hamsters constituted the experimental model. The animals were oophorectomized 7 days prior to the start of the hormone experiments. A micro‐wound was produced surgically in the cheek‐pouch to leave a defect area with a slightly damaged vascular bed and a surrounding tissue with unaffected circulation as observed by vital microscopy. Irrigation with Tyrode's solution for 10–15 minutes reversed the inflammatory changes in the defect area. A hormone solution (0.2 ml of 5 mg /ml StilbolRor progesteroneRor 0.2 ml of 1,500 I.U./ml GonadexR) was injected intramuscularly in the hamster's hind leg either once (short term experiments) or daily during a five day period (long term experiments). Estrogen and chorionic gonadotropin caused only minor vascular changes. When progesterone was added to the circulating blood via the hind leg muscle, the resistance of the wound tissue seemed to be lowered and acute inflammation developed in the defect area. The surrounding tissue was unaffected. The symptoms of Inflammation in the wound were more severe than immediately after the surgical procedure as judged by the degree of swelling of the endothelium lining the veins, the number of leucocytes adhering to the vessel walls and the number of micro‐thrombi. The findings are discussed in the light of present knowledge of the effects of female sex hormones on intra vascular and perivascular cell structure and

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The utilization and turnover of injected S35‐sulfate by the connective tissue of the periodontium was studied in 28 IRC strain mice, 14 one month old and 14 one year old. The isotope was administered by intraperiotoneal injection in a dosage of 20 uc of sodium S35‐sulfate per gram of body weight. The animals were sacrificed 1, 4 and 12 hours, 1 and 4 days and 1 and 2 months after the injection. Following fixation and decalcification, the tissues of the head were processed by histrologic, radioautographic and enzymatic digestion techniques:Analysis of the results permitted the drawing of the following conclusions:1) the injected S35‐sulfate did label certain of the sulfated mucopolysaccharides of the amrophous ground substance of the periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone and dentin; 2) the fibroblasts, cementblasts, osteoblasts and odnotoblasts apparently take part in the synthesis of the sulfated mucopolysaccharides; 3) the labeled sulfated mucopolysaccharides in the periodontal ligament turned over rapidly and the rate did not appear to decrease with age; 4) within the mineralized matrix of the alveolar bone, detin or cementum no turnover of the sulfated mucopolysaccharides was detected;and 5) cementoblastic, osteoblastic and odontoblastic synthetic activity in regards to the utilization of S35sulfate decreased with age except in the case of the continually erupting inc

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dense fibrous periosteum of the developing mandibular and maxillary alveolar bones is continuous with the dense collagenous connective tissue of the gum ridge. The polarized columnar basal cell of the gum ridge epithelium is always intimately associated with the dense connective tissue. Cytoplasmic extensions of these cells are seen to penetrate into the connective tissue. Fine reticular fibers appear to connect the cytoplasmic extensions of the basal cell with the dense collagen bundles of the connective tissue. A similar condition prevails in the hard palate between the basal cell of the epithelium and the periosteum of the palatine bone. The connective tissue of the lip, cheek and soft palate is loosely arranged. The epithelial‐connective tissue junction of the cuboidal cell is smooth. Some fine reticular fibers are seen to connect the layer of the epithelium to the sheath of striated muscle fiber

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cellular dynamics of certain epithelial tissues from the oral cavity were compared with those from the ear, in rats aged between ten and seven hundred and fifty one days, using autoradiography. The results indicated that the proliferative activity of these tissues decreased in the initial stages of life, thereafter to remain virtually constant; the tissues from the oral cavity proliferating considerably faster than those from the ear.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The literature concerning changes in mast cell populations in human gingiva associated with inflammation is contradictory. No reports of the effects of therapy on these populations have been published.This study was designed to determine whether gingival mast cell populations are altered by inflammation and whether these populations change following routine therapy. Twenty systemically healthy patients, age 20 to 40, ten with normal gingiva and ten with periodontitis of similar severity bilaterally, were selected for study. Biopsies of interdental papillae from premolar regions were utilized. In the periodontitis group, one papilla was obtained prior to therapy, the second from the ipsilateral quadrant two weeks after root planing and curettage.Mast cell populations were determined from frozen sections stained with EACNAS‐GBC Hematoxylin (Hall, 1966). Granule estimates were obtained from photographic negatives of frozen sections stained with EACNAS‐GBC alone, using a photoelectric assaying device. Mast cell counts and granule estimates were made separately for beneath col and beneath keratinized tissue. Results show a larger mast cell population and a greater granule estimate under keratinized tissue than beneath the col. Mast cell counts and granule estimates show a decrease during periodontitis and a return to “normal” limits following routine therapy. These results support the concept that mast cell numbers are decreased in the presence of chronic inflammation but return to “normal” levels following resolution of the inflammat

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A controlled study was carried out on 103 dentally‐oriented university students to compare the effects of hand and electric toothbrushing. The study lasted two years. Subjects were examined at the beginning, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months later. Oral debris and calculus formation were assessed by a modification of Greene and Vermillion's (1960) methods, and gingivitis and periodontitis by Russell's (1956) technique. Half of the subjects using the electric brushes and half of those using hand brushes were instructed how to brush; the others were not.No significant differences in oral debris or calculus formation, in gingivitis and periodontitis, or in gingival recession were found between any of the groups at any stage in the study. It is concluded that the electric brush is not superior to the hand brush when used by dentally‐oriented young adu

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine if enzymatic activities could be correlated with calculus formation. Subjects were grouped as to their ability or inability to form calculus after a three month “accumulation” period. Saliva samples from each subject were collected and the enzymatic activities of nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase, pyrophosphatase, neuraminidase, protease, and lactic dehydrogenase were determined by routine analysis. Statistical evaluation of the data using the standard t test indicated that esterase activity has a high correlation to calculus formation, p<.005; pyrophosphatase activity also correlated with calculus formation, p<.02. Acid phosphatase activity correlated to a lesser degree, p<.05. No other significant correlations were found. A possible sequence for salivary calcification is presen

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present knowledge on the state of calcium and phosphate in saliva has been reviewed.Ultrafiltration studies showed that a part of the calcium + magnesium and phosphate in saliva is non‐ultrafiltrable. On an average 9% of the non‐ultrafiltrable phosphate and 23% of the nonultrafiltrable calcium + magnesium was found to be due to precipitation under the conditions of the experiment. Ultrafiltration carried out under 7.5% CO2in air had a similar effect on the ultrafiltrability of calcium and phosphate as acidification by hydrochloric acid to the same pH. A viscosity reducing enzyme, pronase, had no significant effect. All the phosphate became ultrafiltrable when the pH was reduced below 5.5. Significant reduction in ultrafiltrable calcium and phosphate was observed when the pH was increased from 6.9 to 7.5, but not when this was further increased to 8.0.Gel filtration chromatography carried out through a column of G 100 Sephadex showed that all calcium and phosphorus was associated with relatively low‐molecular material. The UV absorption criteria and the dialyzable nature of the substance indicated that this was probably non‐protein in nature. Further work on the identification of this material is in p

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1968.tb01926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY