摘要:

Intermediate size oral spirochetes were isolated and cultured from subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients utilizing a membrane separation and rifambin selection technique. Neutral salt extracts of the spirochetes were assayed for proteolytic activity against collagen types I and IV, gelatin, and synthetic elastase and trypsin substrates. Type IV collagen obtained from lens capsule basement membrane was degraded to small peptides by the spirochete proteinases. No marked degradation of type I collagen was found when incubations were performed at 25°C. The extracts were able, however, to activate latent collagenase obtained from human gingival fibroblasts and to degrade further the ¼ and ¾ fragments resulting from the collagenase cleavage. Denatured collagen was also degraded by the extracts. High trypsin‐Iike activity and relatively lower elastase‐like enzyme activity were also present in spirochete extracts. The results show that oral spirochetes have a potential for degradation of several proteins and that they may, therefore, have an active role in tissue destruction during periodontal d

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Longitudinal data were collected over a period of at least 18 months and up to 3 years on 41 adult periodontitis patients (AAP Type III and IV). Ramfjord attachment level measurements and sampling of crevicular fluid (CF) at each tooth were repeated every 3 months. A mean full mouth CF prostaglandin E2(MCF‐PGE) value was determined for each patient at each visit. The three‐month monitoring was continued until a single site demonstrated a statistically and clinically significant attachment loss (ALOSS) episode. Results indicated that in ALOSS patients the MCF‐PGE was significantly elevated at the ALOSS visit as compared to previous levels. Furthermore, the sites which had the ALOSS had elevated levels as compared to the contralateral no ALOSS control sites (305.6±56.5 vs. 65.7±6.89 ng/ml, mean ± SEM). One month following treatment the CF‐PGE level dropped to 16.9±3.4 ng/ml at the ALOSS sites. Since the MCF‐PGE level increases preceding the attachment loss episode, reaches a maximum at the sites which actually undergo ALOSS, and subsides following treatment, the possibility of using the MCF‐PGE level to predict an oncoming future ALOSS episode was examined. The ALOSS patients had a MCF‐PGE level of 113.4±9.0 ng/ml 6 months prior to the ALOSS episode, which was significantly higher than the no ALOSS patients’MCF‐PGE level of 50.1±7.1. Analysis of MCF‐PGE levels as a screening test indicate that this measurement has a high degree of sensitivity, specificity, and a predictive value of 0.92–0.95. Thus, this method has significant merit as a diagnostic tool to determine if a patient is in a state of remission or about to undergo

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acetone fixed cryostat sections from 25 patients with adult chronic marginal periodontitis were characterized using an indirect immunofluorescence technique with monoclonal antibodies. The amount of B lymphocytes (Leu‐12 positive) varied considerably between the specimens and were usually seen in largest numbers in the most apical parts of the cellular infiltrates beneath the pocket epithelium (PE). Varying amounts of T lymphocytes (OKT 3 positive) were demonstrated in all specimens. The amount of T helper cells (OKT 4a positive) exceeded that of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT 8 positive) in the cellular infiltrates beneath the PE (OKT 4a/ OKT 8 =1.13). There was a more even distribution of these cell types beneath the oral gingival epithelium (OGE). Langerhans cells were observed within and occasionally subjacent to the OGE. Scattered macrophages (Leu‐M3 or OK Ia 1 positive) were observed in the inflammatory cell infiltrates and on the connective tissue papillae beneath the OGE. HLA‐DR antigen reacting with OK Ia 1 was present on cells corresponding to OKT 6 positive cells in the OGE and subjacent to the OGE as well as in the inflammatory cell infiltrates beneath the PE and in the perivascular infiltrates. In some specimens HLA‐DR antigen was also found to be associated with keratinocytes in the outer parts of the OGE. Occasional NK cells (Leu‐7 positive) were localized inside and subjacent to the OGE. There was a considerable variation with respect to the number and distribution of the various mononuclear cells between specimens and from section to section from the same

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Healthy human periodontal ligaments (PDL) attached to 22 tooth roots (7 nonfunctioning third molars, 3 functioning first molars, and 12 functioning first premolars) were obtained from 20 patients between 10 and 67 years of age (mostly second and third decades) and examined by transmission electron microscopy. The collagen‐producing cells (CPC) of the attached PDL were the cementoblasts and superjacent fibroblasts. A prominent accumulation of glycogen particles, confirmed by staining with periodic acid‐chromic acid‐silver methenamine, could be detected easily in the CPC of all sections obtained from all age groups and different kinds of teeth. The glycogen was most pronounced in the cementoblasts and was gradually reduced in those fibroblasts lying progressively more distant from the cementum. AcPase‐positive lysosomal bodies sometimes were found within or fused with the clusters of glycogen particles, i.e., alpha particles. Occasionally, extracellular bubble‐like structures with scattered glycogen particles were observed, suggesting the sequestration of unused glycogen. These findings of glycogen accumulation are presumed to be indicative of an anaerobic condition in the junctional area of cementum and PDL of hu

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Electron microscopic observations were made on naturally occurring gingivitis, on gingivitis at non‐ligated sites of an experimental animal, and on ligature‐induced periodontitis in a periodontal disease model using female cynomolgus monkeys.For both types of gingivitis specimens, a plaque associated chronic inflammatory reaction was observed, comparable to that described for the human established lesion. Bacterial accumulations on tooth surfaces were separated from the epithelium by neutrophils which exhibited variations in fine structure and extent of bacterial phagocytosis related to their proximity to the plaque. In the inflamed connective tissue of the papillae, collagen was reduced to strands extending between the cellular elements. The plasma cell was the most common inflammatory cell and had three major variations in form.With ligature‐induced periodontitis, similar inflammatory features were observed in the gingiva. A complex flora like that encountered in human periodontitis was observed around and within the ligature as well as more apically in the pocket. As compared to the flora in gingivitis, more spirochetes were encountered, a larger proportion of the microorganisms appeared to be in a living state, and bacteria were in contact with the epithelial surface, rather than being walled off by the neutrophils. This seemingly more aggressive plaque was associated with an advanced lesion characterized by changes that indicated sequential destruction of the collagenous attachment to cementum and concommitant apical migration of the epithelial attachment. No bacteria were observed in the soft tissues, even in the wide intercellular spaces between the epithelial

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Octenidine, a new bispyridine mouthrinse, has been shown to prevent plaque formation in humans over a seven‐day period. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of octenidine on plaque and gingivitis development in humans using a 21‐day experimental gingivitis model. Eighty‐eight subjects with a Plaque Index (PII) and Gingival Index (GI) ≤ 0.4 were randomly assigned to 4 coded formulations: 1) 0.1% octenidine in mouthwash vehicle used 3 times a day (TID), 2) 0.1% octenidine in mouthwash vehicle used twice a day (BID), placebo rinse once a day, 3) 0.1% octenidine in water used 3 times a day, and 4) mouthwash vehicle alone used 3 times a day (VEH). Each subject refrained from all mechanical plaque control and rinsed morning, noon, and evening under supervision with 15 ml of assigned formulation for 60 s. At 0, 7, 14, and 21 days, Pit, GI, and mucosal tolerance were assessed. Tooth stain was measured at day 0 and twice at day 21 (prior to and immediately following a single toothbrushing).By day seven of the rinse phase, significant mucosal irritation had occurred in several subjects in the octenidine in water group. Therefore, that group was discontinued from the study and the remaining 66 subjects continued. The mean PII increased in the VEH group from a mean of 0.13 at day 0 to 1.08, 1.39, and 1.69 at days 7, 14, and 21, respectively. In contrast, the mean PII of the TID and BID groups did not increase over the 21 day period (0.14 and 0.10, 0.18 and 0.22, 0.15 and 0.16, 0.12 and 0.16 at day 0, 7, 14, and 21 for TID and BID, respectively). Although the TID and BID groups did not statistically differ at any point, both groups demonstrated significantly less plaque accumulation than the VEH group at days 7, 14, and 21 (p<0.000001). Gingivitis, as measured by GI, increased significantly in the VEH group from a mean of 0.14 at day 0, to 0.58, 0.84 and 0.98 at day 7, 14, and 21. Both the TID and BID groups demonstrated a small increase in mean GI, rising from 0.12 and 0.16 at day 0 to 0.21 and 0.24, 0.29 and 0.27, and 0.32 and 0.31 at days 7, 14, and 21 for TID and BID, respectively. Again, the TID and BID groups were not different while both had significantly less gingivitis than the VEH group at days 7, 14, and 21 (p 0.000002). Stain, observed in 26 subjects in the TID and BID groups at day 21, was removed by a single toothbrushing in all but 5 subjects. No significant adverse reactions were observed in the remaining subjects. These results demonstrate that octenidine, when used as the only means of oral hygiene for 21 days, will significantly inhibit the development of plaque and gin

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lipopolysaccharides isolated fromFusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum)strain Fl was split by hydrolysis with 1% acetic acid into water‐soluble polysaccharide and insoluble material. Gel filtration of the water‐soluble polysaccharide on Bio‐Gel P‐60 gave a serologically active fraction eluted at the void volume (Vo) of the column with a sugar composition similar to that of the parent LPS and a fraction eluted at 2.5 × Vo. The latter, supposed to represent the core polysaccharide, contained phosphorus, glucosamine, L‐ and D‐glycero‐D‐manno‐heptose, galactose, glucose, and 2‐

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism are known to play a key role in the development of inflammatory signs and symptoms. Periodontal pocket tissues (PPT) provide an ideal model to study the nature of mediators of inflammation in periodontal disease. Eight individual PPT samples were obtained from patients with advanced periodontitis and incubated separately with14C‐AA. The tissue lipid extracts were analyzed by means of TLC and HPLC. It was found that PPT in all samples metabolizes AA mainly through the lipoxygenase pathways and that 12‐HETE and 15‐HETE are the major lipoxygenase products formed. Cyclooxygenase products PGE2, TXB2, and 6‐keto‐PGF1αwere detected in much smaller amounts than the lipoxygenase products. Since both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products are associated with inflammatory processes, the findings suggest that in treatment of inflammation in periodontal disease, drugs which inhibit the formation of both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase metabolites of AA would be more beneficial than those which inhibit only the cyclooxygenase pro

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY