摘要:

The cultivable subgingival microflora in the cynomolgus monkey,Macaca fascicularis, was monitored during the ligature‐induced progression of naturally occurring gingivitis to periodontitis. Clinical and microbiological observations were divided into four stages. Stage I, prior to ligature placement, was characterized clinically by chronic generalized gingivitis and microbiologically by Gram‐positive cocci and rods withB. melaninogenicusss.intermediusthe dominant Gram‐negative organism. Stage II, 1 to 3 weeks following ligature placement, exhibited slightly greater gingival inflammation but no clinical evidence of attachment loss. The subgingival flora showed a significant increase in motile and surface translocating Gram‐negative rods, primarilyCapnocytophagaspecies andCampylobacter sputorum. Stage III, 4 to 7 weeks following ligature placement, revealed increased pocket depth and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss. This stage was characterized by a Gram‐negative anaerobic flora withB. asaccharolyticusas the dominant cultivable organism. Stage IV encompassed the remainder of the experimental period, 8 to 17 weeks, during which time no further change in the clinical parameters occurred and levels ofB. asaccharolyticusdecreased.The subgingival microflora of ligature induced periodontitis inMacaca fascicularisclosely resembled that reported for human periodontal disease and the episodic clinical pattern of attachment loss was associated with levels of Gram‐negative anaerobes, primarilyB.asacc

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictability of a method of creating periodontal defects in dogs. The dentogingival fibres around the lower premolars of 12 beagle dogs were cut to the level of the alveolar bone and closely adapted copper bands were cemented to the teeth. After 3 weeks the copper bands were replaced by cotton ligatures which were left in place for 11 weeks. After this active phase the ligatures were removed, and the defects were allowed to heal for varying periods up to 30 weeks. Probing depths were recorded at different stages of the experiment. Indications for predictability were: 1° the magnitude of the standard deviations of the mean probing depths and 2° the differences between results from contralateral areas. Relatively deep defects were obtained immediately after creation, but the magnitude of the standard deviation of the mean indicated wide variations in probing depths. Following ligature removal probing depths decreased but were of a more uniform depth. These results indicate that variation of probing depths in artificial periodontal defects is rather high immediately after creation but decreases drastically during the healing phase. It was concluded that in young adult beagle dogs predictable periodontal defects, 3.0–3.5 millimeters in depth, can be produced artificially provided that the initial deeper artificially created defects are allowed to heal for at least 3 mon

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00988.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fourteen strains ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans)have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cells, which grow as coccobacillary forms on agar medium, have a cell periphery ultrastructurally compatible with that of other Gram‐negative species. However, the cell membrane and peptidoglycan layer are not readily visualized following standard processing. Of particular interest was the finding of numerous extracellular membranous vesicles inA.actinomycetemcomitansstrains known to have leukotoxic activity, while non‐leukotoxic strains demonstrated few or no extracellular vesicles. Similar findings were noted whether cells were grown on blood agar plates or in thioglycollate broth. Antisera were obtained in rabbits against whole cells of leukotoxic strain Y4. The resulting antisera successfully labeled vesicles associated with 4 separate leukotoxic strains. The label was completely retained on the vesicles after absorption of the antisera with non‐leukotoxic strain ATCC 29523. Non‐leukotoxic strains showed some patchy surface labeling with non‐absorbed antiserum to Y4 and no labeling after absorption with ATCC strain 29523. These observations suggest that extracellular membranous vesicles are associated with leukotoxic activity and may serve as a useful source of leukotoxic factor. These conclusions are strengthened by the observation of a strong correlation between the concentration of extracellular vesicles in strains grown on agar and their relative leukotoxicity as reported by other inve

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00989.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objective of this study was to determine whether young adults (19–30 yrs.) with severe, generalized periodontal destruction differed from an age matched population with a healthy periodontium when compared by a thorough medical evaluation and/or an evaluation of humoral immunoglobulins and complement levels. The medical laboratory testing included BP, EKG, chest film, VDRL, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, GTT, and a physical examination. The evaluations of immunoglobulins and complement included levels of serum and salivary IgG, IgA, IgM and 8 proteins of the classical and alternative complement pathway and levels of serum antibody to a panel of bacteria. The two groups were very similar in results of medical evaluations, antibody, complement, properdin, and immunoglobulin levels in most comparisons. The periodontally diseased group did have higher IgG levels and a tendency for higher IgA in saliva, probably due to gingival fluid contributing to saliva, including production of IgG locally in the gingiva. There was also a tendency for higher IgG in serum of the diseased group, resulting from more individuals in that group having elevated levels than in the healthy group. The mean levels of bo

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00990.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cellular responses of young adults with severe periodontitis (SP) were compared to the cellular responses of young adults with a healthy periodontium (HP). Analyses included T‐cell and B‐cell levels, blast transformation, production of leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF), and phagocytosis and killing by peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's). The levels of T‐ and B‐cells were virtually identical in the HP and SP groups. In blastogenesis assays SP subjects tended to respond to bacterial extracts more frequently than did HP subjects although the differences in frequency were not statistically significant for any single stimulant. The average of the blastogenic response for the SP responders did not differ from the magnitude of the response for the HP responders for any stimulant. However, female SP responders tended to respond higher to the bacterial extracts than did the female HP responders. Conversely, the male SP responders tended to respond lower than the male HP responders. Responses to PHA did not differ between groups. However, thymidine uptake in unstimulated control cultures from the SP subjects was significantly lower than the average background in cultures from HP subjects. The difference held for both males and females. Production of LIF, assessed after stimulation by bacterial extracts, did not differentiate between the SP and HP groups, nor did phagocytosis or killing ofStreptococcus sanguisb

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00991.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human gingiva was found to contain neutral proteolytic enzymes that degrade native and denatured collagen, and azocoll, a substrate for non‐specific proteinases. The best enzyme recovery was obtained when an insoluble gingival homogenate was extracted at 40°C in the presence of 0.1 M CaCl2. The proteinases were found to exist in the extracts mostly in a latent form that could be activated by compounds reacting with sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Enzyme inhibitor studies showed that all three enzymes belong to the group of metallo‐proteinases. In gel filtration chromatography the enzyme activity degrading denatured collagen was separated from the two other proteinase activities. When the specific collagenase activity and the nonspecific proteinase activity were compared with Gingival Index, it was found that the enzyme activities were significantly higher in gingival samples that showed clear signs of inflammation than in clinically non‐inflamed s

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00992.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A highly sensitive and specific assay for vertebrate collagenase has been developed using a [14C]‐labeled collagen substrate and a combination of SDS‐PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and fluorography to identify and quantitate the digestion products. The assay was sufficiently sensitive to permit the detection and quantitation of collagenase activity in 0.1 μl of gingival sulcal fluid, and in samples of cell culture medium without prior concentration. The assay has also been used to detect the presence of inhibitors of collagenolytic enzymes in various cell culture

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00993.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Millipore filters with pore sizes ranging from 0.025 μm to 8.0 μm were implanted in the backskin of pigs for periods up to 8 weeks. Measurements of the rate of epithelial migration along the filters showed an inverse relationship with pore size although the extent of migration was significantly less along filters with pore sizes of 3‐ μm and above than along those with smaller pore sizes. Histological examination revealed a difference in the extent of connective tissue infiltration which corresponded to the differences in the rate of migration; filters of pore size 3 μm or more were extensively infiltrated with cell and tissue elements whereas there was little infiltration of filters of 1 μm pore size and none of smaller pore size filters. It is suggested that 3 μm is the minimum pore size that permits connective tissue penetration into the filter and that when infiltration does occur the resulting soft tissue attachment markedly restricts the extent of epithelial downgrowth. These results support therapeutic attempts to modify the cemental surface and thereby facilitate soft tissue reattachment to th

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00994.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of a diphosphonate, dichloromethylene diphosphonate (C12MDP) were studied using the rice rat as a model of periodontal bone loss. C12MDP was given in daily subcutaneous injections at dosages of 0 (control), 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mg/kg/day; these treatments were continued for periods of 6, 12, or 18 weeks. The amount of alveolar bone was increased over age matched controls at the 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day doses at 6 weeks; at 12 and 18 weeks, all doses including 0.1 mg/kg/day showed increases in bone over controls. Due to increased connective tissue fibrosis, the CI2MDP treated animals had fewer vascular spaces. Also, the amount of destroyed tissue in the interdental test site was increased in animals given 10.0 mg/kg/day of C12MDP. The number of fibroblasts per mm of bone surface decreased slightly at 6 weeks, but was otherwise not different from controls in treated animals at 12 and 18 weeks. Numbers of osteoblasts decreased greatly at all doses at both 12 and 18 weeks time. There were no significant differences between treated and control animals in the number of osteoclast nuclei per mm bone surface. Also, the numbers of inflammatory cells residing at the bone surface increased at all time periods in the 10.0 mg/kg/day dose group. Finally, the proliferative activity of PDL fibroblasts decreased dramatically at all time periods in the 10.0 mg/kg/day dose group. The response of the proximal tibia to C12MDP was compared to the alveolar bone response in these animals by measuring amounts of bone in respective areas. While the dose response curves are similar, the tibiae showed greater increases in bone mass.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00995.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Incompletely formed teeth isografted to the renal subcapsular site in mice demonstrated alveolar bone and periodontal ligament formation when examined by histological methods 60 days after transplantation. On the other hand bone and periodontal ligament formation was not observed in relation to isografts of fully formed teeth at the same site and time after transplantation. It is possible that surviving remnants of Hertwig's root sheath and the dental follicle play a part in the development of the periodontium of isografts partially developed at the time of transplantation although the mechanisms and source of cells involved are not yet clear.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00996.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY