摘要:

A group of smokers and a group of non‐smokers were the participants in this study The groups were matched by age and gingival health. Oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were harvested from the subjects by saline mouth rinses. These PMN were tested for their ability to phagocytize latex spheres and to exclude trypan blue. Tests were performed for smokers and non‐smokers on three consecutive days, with identical procedures except that every participant smoked one cigarette on the second day immediately prior to cell collection, PMN harvested from the oral cavities of smokers were less vital as measured with the dye exclusion test and were less able to phagocytize particles on each experimental day. Smoking one cigarette immediately prior to cell collection resulted in a further decrease of these parameters for both smokers and non‐sm

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method to harvest polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from a defined gingival area in dogs was developed. The method consists of repeated washings of the gingiva with a small acrylic tray and counting cells in the rinses. The method was tested and it appears that the PMN counts relate to the number of cells that emanate from the gingival tissue during a given period of time. Although cell counts from individual rinses vary, it is possible to register differences in PMN exudation rates such as occur when gingiva becomes inflamed.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The rate of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from gingiva around single teeth in Beagle dogs was studied. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes emanating from the gingival crevices were harvested with standardized rinses at two minute intervals. In between the rinses one of three substances was applied: endotoxin activated autologous dog serum, a cigarette smoke solution and the vehicle as a control.In vitro, the activated serum was chemotactic and the cigarette smoke solution inhibitory to polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration.In vivo, the cigarette smoke solution also depressed the gingival polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration rate. Thein vivoresponse to activated serum was biphasic with a depression first and an elevation later in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration rate. The experiments were performed on relatively healthy and distinctly inflamed gingiva. The higher polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration rate in inflamed gingiva was affected by the test agents in a similar way as the migration rate from healthy gingiva.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty children from 4 groups (pre‐and post‐pubertal males and pre‐and post‐pubertal females) were examined in relation to periodontal disease. The following parameters were examined: i) crevice fluid volume, ii) pocket depth, iii) pH of the supragingival plaque and crevice pH, iv) collagenolytic activity of the crevice fluid, and v) urea in the crevice fluid. Each of the variables studied was subjected to a 3‐factor factorial analysis of variance. The factors considered were age (pre‐pubertal vs. post‐pubertal), sex (male vs. female) and inflammation index (0 vs. 1 vs. 2 and 3). In this study the corresponding means were compared and graphed. The results are prepared as the effects of age, sex and gingival inflammation and the various interactions. In general, the amount of fluid was higher in females than in males; the amount of fluid was greater in the post‐pubertal group than in the pre‐pubertal group. The fluid volume varied directly (P<0.01) with increasing inflammation and this held true for both the sex and age groups. Crevice depth followed the same trend. The pH of plaque and crevice of females with healthy gingivae was lower in the post‐pubertal than in the pre‐pubertal group; males demonstrated an opposite response. In inflamed gingivae, both pH values were lower in pre‐pubertal females than in the post‐pubertal group. In post‐pubertal males, however, the response to inflammation showed an opposite trend to that of females both in the pre‐and post‐adolescent groups. The pH responses appear to be related to hormonal changes which occur during puberty. The visible collagen lysis in the crevice fluid was higher in females than in males, and appeared to increase with age. The percentage of soluble collagen increased with increasing inflammation. Crevicular fluid total urea content actually rose with inflammation, but the concentration decreased due

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Crevicular fluid from four groups of children was examined. The crevice fluid was collected at random from the anterior region of the mouth (6 distal and 6 mesial) in filter paper strips and the volume of the ascending fluid in each strip was measured by techniques previously described by Smith, Golub&Duperon (1974). Gingival condition was assessed on the basis of the Löe and Silness Index (1963). The crevice fluid was pooled on the basis of age, sex and gingival inflammation, and each pool was analyzed for protein, carbohydrate, total calcium, phosphate and nitrogen. Protein and carbohydrate were analyzed by taking an aliquot of the pooled sample directly, whereas total calcium content, phosphate and nitrogen were analyzed in a sample digested with concentrated sulfuric acid and 30 per cent (V/V) hydrogen peroxide. Standard chromogenic reagents were used in analysis. Each component was regarded as a single variable. In this study the corresponding means were compared and graphed. The results were presented as the effects of age, sex and G. I. and various interactions. The data was analyzed to determine i) the absolute quantity of each component and ii) the concentration of each (μg/μl) in the crevice fluid. The concentration of protein in the fluid was higher in females than in males and was also higher in the post‐pubertal group than in the pre‐pubertal group. The concentration of carbohydrate and calcium followed almost the same trend as that of protein. The difference in the concentration of phosphate was not significant. The levels of calcium and phosphate were several times higher than serum levels, indicating that calcium and phosphate were hyperconcentrated within the crevice overnight, as occurred with urea (Golub, Borden&Kleinberg 1971). The high protein content may be related to the high urea content of the crevice fluid from inflamed gingivae. The high urea content will give rise to a high pH‐a pH which can be favourable to the calcification process. Also, the hyperconcentration of calcium and phosphate, particularly in the post‐pubertal group, may favour th

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The activities of three important enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, namely, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in the gingival tissue of the rat, hamster, guinea pig and human were determined. The results obtained in the present investigation reveals that the specific activities for hexokinase and pyruvate kinase were highest for the mucosal gingiva of the rat, while guinea pig presented the greatest value for phosphofructokinase. The specific activities of these enzymes were about the same for both attached gingiva of guinea pig and human.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adult female rats were subjected to severe calcium deprivation by feeding them a calcium‐deficient diet containing oxalate (Test group a), and in addition by subjecting some of them to pregnancy and lactation (Test group b). The mandibles were collected for determination of ash and cortical bone area.The ash content of the mandible was reduced in both test groups, but the additional effect of pregnancy and lactation was less than that previously found in long bones. Planimetric analysis revealed that bone removal had not occurred from the periosteal surfaces of the mandible. Most of the bone loss had taken place by resorption from its endosteal surface

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Through the use of a three‐dimensional finite‐element model of a dried human mandible, the stress and strain fields developed in localized tooth‐loaded regions of the mandible, both before and after osseous surgery, were investigated. It is shown that simulated osseous surgery results in a significant increase In stress and strain concentration in the bone overlying periodontally involved teeth treated by osteoectomy, as compared with the natural condition. Predicted strain distributions on the buccal surface of the mandible are compared with experimental data to indicate the degree of correlation between model predictions and test re

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymphocyte transformation in response to dental plaque antigens has been used to determine the association between cellular immune responses and the periodontal status in man. Anin vitrosystem for lymphocyte transformation was used. Triplicate microcultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with four different concentrations ofV. alcalescens, B. melaninogenicus, F. nucleatum, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, S. sanguisand pooled plaque of human origin. Phytohemagglutinin served as a positive and saline as negative control. The uptake of3H‐thymidine during blastogenesis was measured by liquid scintillation counting.Forty‐eight subjects divided into four equal groups of individuals with either normal gingivae, gingivitis, mild to moderate, or advanced periodontitis participated in the study. The subjects were all between 35 and 45 years of age. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of the normal subjects did not generally undergo blastogenesis with any of the organisms. However, when blastogenesis occured in other groups, the highest stimulation was found in the advanced periodontitis group.B. melaninogenicusstimulated blastogenesis only in the advanced group.A. viscosusandA. naeslundiistimulated lymphocytes to various degrees in all except the normal group. All the other antigens did not show any differences in stimulations between any of the gro

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study undertook to correlate lymphocyte transformation to human dental plaque antigens with clinical estimates of periodontal disease.Forty‐eight patients with periodontal conditions ranging from normal gingivae to severe periodontitis were examined clinically. Oral cleanliness was determined by the Plaque Index System (Silness&Löe 1964) and gingival health was assessed using the criteria of the Gingival Index System (Löe&Silness 1963). Pocket depth and loss of periodontal attachment from the cementoenamel junction (Ramfjord 1959, Glavind&Löe 1967) were also measured. Triplicate microcultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with four different concentrations of human plaque antigens. The uptake of3H‐thymidine during blastogenesis was measured by liquid scintillation counting. There was no correlation between the stimulation by most of the isolated plaque antigens or pooled plaque and the periodontal conditions as determined by plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and loss of attachment. However, there was a significant, although low, correlation between clinical parameters and the stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes byB. melaninogenicusandA. viscosus. Stimulation withB. melaninogenicuscorrelated more highly with pocket depth and loss of attachment, while stimulation withA. viscosusandA. naeslundiicorrelated more highly with plaque and gingivitis scores. The possible role of these organisms in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease involving cellular immunity was discussed as was the interpretation of data obtained in blastogenesis using peripheral blood lymphocytes and its relevance to the local phenomenon of delayed hypersen

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY