摘要:

The vascular architecture of the gingival crevice around rat molars was investigated using the SEM vascular casting technique. The crevicular plexus consisted of two major vascular arrangements. The first was a planar network immediately subjacent to the crevicular epithelium extending from the crest of the free gingival margin down to the epithelial attachment. Arterial supply to the planar network came from the gingiva proper, but venous drainage from the plexus was directed into the periodontal ligament plexus as well as the deeper gingival vessels. The second major arrangement was a row of twisted vascular loops sited in the middle annular third of the crevice on the buccal and lingual. These loops exhibited a more complex vascular arrangement in the col and occupied most of the volume of the col tissue. The planar network in the interproximal col region narrowed to a thin band adjacent to the epithelial attachment. The morphological arrangements described in this project modify the description of Kindlova and Matena (1962) which has been accepted as a model for vascular architecture of the gingival crevice.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The vascular architecture of the rat molar periodontal ligament was investigated using the SEM vascular casting technique. Vascular patterns varied within the different regions of the tooth socket. A different microvascular arrangement was found to be associated with (i) the buccal and lingual walls (ii) the interdental septum and (iii) the interradicular septum. Tracts of four to six vessels coursed occluso‐apically down the buccal and lingual walls. A similar pattern existed at the interdental septum except that the vessels were more closely packed. At the interradicular septum, the postcapillary venules coursed within the ligament for only 100 to 400 μm before re‐entering the bone. Overall, vessels were predominantly postcapillary venules with a lesser number of capillaries. Anastomoses between adjacent vessels coursing in the ligament occurred infrequently, although many communications with the alveolar plexus were noted. Except at the interradicular septum, ligament vasculature arose mainly from the deeper gingival vessels. A few vessels originated from branches of the alveolar plexus, forming a hairpin loop as they entered the plexus. These findings differed markedly from Kindlova&Matěna's (1962) description of morphologically paired arterial and venous systems. On a morphological basis vascular flow was considered to be directed from the coronal down to the apical region of the socket. However, Ligament vessels adjacent to the vertical walls of the interradicular septum received a greater arterial supply than the crestal region, where venous drainage was more prolific. Therefore, the vascular arrangement over the septum suggested a direction of vascular flow opposite to that occurring at the outer walls of the socket, although tidal flow could occur in either direction in the interradicular

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) encounter spirochetes in the diseased gingival crevice. The purpose of this investigation was to learn more about the nature and potential consequences of in vitro PMN‐spirochete interactions. Isolated spirochetes (various strains ofTreponema denticolaandT. vincentii) were incubated with human peripheral blood PMNs. PMNs were able to interact with these organisms demonstrating increased oxygen consumption, chemoluminescence, and phagocytosis. Serum was not an absolute prerequisite for phagocytosis, but oxygen consumption and chemoluminescence were generally not observed unless organisms were preopsonized with fresh serum. In spite of the fact that large numbers of spirochetes could be identified within PMN phagosomes, biochemical and ultrastructural evidence indicated limited degranulation on the part of the phagocytic cells. This can be contrasted to other plaque organisms which stimulated dose‐dependent degranulation in association with the phagocytic process. In fact, PMNs pretreated with soluble extracts of spirochetes, but not with non‐spirochetal organisms, were generally less responsive to zymosan‐induced degranulation. The data suggest that spirochetes may limit fusion of lysosomes to phagosomes and thereby influence the course of the inflammatory process in response to these as well as other organisms. These findings may be relevant in explaining the mechanisms of infection associated with the colonization of the gingival crevice by spir

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Edentulous sites were created in four adult baboons by prior extraction of all premolars. Amputated healthy molar roots were implanted horizontally into shallow grooves cut into the alveolar bone at these sites so that one side of the root faced gingival connective tissue and the other bone. Prior to implantation the roots were planed to remove all periodontal investing tissue and were demarcated by a circumferential groove into two portions. One portion was treated with citric acid (pH 1) for 3 minutes, thus creating side‐by‐side experimental and control sites facing both bone and soft tissue. The experimental sites were randomly distributed between apical and coronal root ends and observation periods of 4, 8, and 12 weeks were obtained. Efforts were made to reduce infection at the implantation site by the use of topical and parenteral antibiotics. After sacrifice the tissues were processed for routine light microscopy. Histometric analysis revealed that citric acid, in this situation remote from the influence of periodontal ligament and junctional epithelium, did not enhance new fibrous attachment and new cementum formation nor did it reduce artifactual tissue separation, root resorption, or ankylosis. Ankylosis and root resorption were the predominent features of the healing root surfaces facing bone and gingival tissue, respectively. However, the amount of root resorption on the gingival side was apparently less pronounced than that reported for similar studies probably because of the use of antibiotics to control infect

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study describes the cross‐sectional findings on dental plaque, calculus, gingivitis, loss of attachment, periodontal pockets and tooth loss in a population of adult Tanzanians aged 30–30 years. In all age groups more than 90% of all tooth surfaces exhibited plaque and 50–50% exhibited calculus deposits. Both plaque and calculus deposits were more extensive in the older age groups whereas gingival bleeding affected 30–30% of the surfaces in all age groups. Less than 35% of all surfaces exhibited a loss of attachment ≥4 mm and less than 10% had a loss of attachment exceeding 6 mm. Loss of attachment was accompanied by recession of the marginal gingiva and pockets deeper than 3 mm were present on less than 10% of all surfaces. The mean number of teeth present ranged from 23.9 in the oldest to 29.5 in the youngest age group. An interesting finding was that relatively few individuals accounted for most of the loss of attachment and periodontal pockets found in the study. Therefore, in future epidemiologic studies more emphasis should be put on the identification of these particularly susceptible subpo

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01454.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The activation of the complement system may be an important immunopathologic mechanism in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to assess cleavage of complement components C3 (terminal pathway), C4 (classical pathway) and B (alternative pathway) in gingival fluid obtained from patients with varying types and severities of periodontal disease. Gingival fluid samples were obtained on filter paper strips from 18 healthy sites, 16 gingivitis, 59 chronic adult periodontitis, 45 rapidly progressive periodontitis, and 11 juvenile periodontitis lesions. Each patient was categorized on the basis of age and clinical indices, including Gingival Index, Plaque Index, measurement of pocket depth and loss of periodontal attachment in millimeters, presence of suppuration and bleeding on probing. Cleavage of C3, C4, and B from each site was assessed simultaneously by multilayer crossedimmunoelectrophoresis using solid phase absorbed specific antisera. The mean percentage C3 conversion ranged from a low of 12.6% in the healthy to 90.2% in the juvenile periodontitis group. Statistically significant differences, as determined by the Mann‐Whitney U‐Test, were observed between healthy sites and all other groups, gingivitis and all periodontitis groups, and juvenile vs. chronic periodontitis. C4 was present in all sites examined, but its cleavage product C4c was only observed in sites with juvenile periodontitis. B and its cleavage product Bb were consistently present in gingival fluid from inflamed lesions. The percentage of C3 cleaved to C3c correlated significantly (p<0.001) with pocket depth (rho=0.58), gingivitis (rho=0.68) and bleeding on probing (rho=0.63). These results suggest that 1) increased complement cleavage is associated with increased severity of inflammation and periodontal destruction, and 2) classical pathway activation does not appear to occur in gingivitis and adult periodontitis, but may occur in juvenile periodonti

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The capacity of a roll of dentin demineralized by either 0.6N HCl, pH 1 for 3 minutes or 3 hours, or by 3M (9N) citric acid, pH 1, for 3 minutes, to induce cartilage and bone when implanted in muscle, was investigated. Serial sections of specimens were examined 7, 10, 14. 17, and 21 days after implantation, and randomly selected sections analyzed histomorphometrically. Cartilage was induced on the internal aspect of the citric acid‐demineralized dentin roll, but significantly less than that induced after demineralization with HCl. The quantity of bone deposited subsequently did not significantly exceed the amount of cartilage that preceded it in relation to any of the preparations used. The results suggest that citric acid‐demineralized dentin induces chondrogenesis and osteogenesis when implanted in muscle, but does so less effectively than does HCl‐demineralized dentin, and only within the confines of a microenvironment. It is therefore unlikely that citric acid demineralization of root surface results in induction of cementum by this mech

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lipoprotein (free‐form) from Escherichia coli was shown to stimulate in vitro bone resorption in a fetal rat model system. The potency of lipoprotein in stimulating bone resorption was comparable to that of lipopolysaccharides from various bacterial specie

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The intraclass correlations of Gingival Index, probing depth, and attachment level scores were estimated in a sample of beagle dogs. These estimates were made over a ten‐week period at the time of ligature placement, eight weeks later at ligature removal, and two weeks postremoval. Estimates of the intraclass correlation were computed for the actual scores and for differences in scores between the first and second, and second and third observation points.All intraclass correlations were of sufficient magnitude to preclude statistical analyses which do not consider the subject as the sampling unit. For all conditions. intraclass correlations decreased upon experimental intervention and were generally larger than those reported in human studies. Intraclass correlations of Gingival Index scores were larger than those of probing depth and attachment level measurements. The results were discussed in terms of sources of variation within and between subject

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of clarified human whole saliva on the attachment and locomotion of human gingival fibroblast‐like cells to plastic substrata in vitro. Saliva was subjected to gel filtration on Sepharose CLAB to isolate a high molecular weight sulphated glycoprotein fraction (SGP, Hogg&Embery 1979, 1982) from the residual fractions (RSF) which were pooled. 25 cm2plastic culture dishes were coated with either sterile whole saliva, SGP (0.3 mg/ml) or RSF (0.6 mg/ml) in Ringer‐Locke saline. They were then seeded with 2.50 × 103fibroblasts suspended in Ringer‐Locke saline and numbers of adhering cells determined at times up to 60 min.Cell adherence in both saliva and glycoprotein‐treated dishes was significantly less than that in untreated control dishes (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively), but RSF treatment had no effect on attachment. Incubating the cells with saliva or SGP prior to plating did not significantly suppress their subsequent attachment behavior when cell death caused by the incubation procedure was taken into account. Migration of fibroblasts from confluent monolayers on glass coverslips onto the surface of SGP‐ or saliva‐treated dishes was significantly delayed compared with controls, for periods up to 5 d (p<0.01, p<0.0 respectively). It was concluded that whole saliva inhibits the attachment or locomotion of gingival fibroblast‐like cells on plastic substrata in vitro, and that this property is primarily mediated by its glycopro

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY