摘要:

Recently, the methodology for volume and cell number estimation from sectioned tissue has undergone rapid progress. To data there are no indications in the literature that investigators in periodontal research are aware of this progress, published mainly in the disciplines of stereology and morphometry. This is unfortunate, as these developments could be profitably exploited in periodontal pathology. In this review we discuss the dangers of some currently used quantitative methods and indicate how simple unbiased methods together with an appropriate systematic sampling scheme lead to an efficient estimation of cell number and volume of tissue or tissue components.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Memory T‐cells and activated B‐cells were identified in cryostat sections of adult periodontitis (AP) lesions and categorized in terms of frequency and distribution. Nineteen periodontitis biopsies were obtained at the time of periodontal surgery to remove residual periodontal pockets following the completion of initial preparation. Gingival tissues exhibited various degree of inflammation (Gl of 0‐2) but probing depths of<4 mm and<5 mm loss of attachment. As a control, 5 gingivitis specimens (Gl of 1, probing depth and loss of attachment of ≤ 3 mm) were obtained from premolar and third molar sites requiring extraction for either orthodontic treatment or pericoronitis. Serial cryostat sections (6 μm in thickness) were prepared from each biopsy, on which a double staining avidin‐biotin immunoperoxidase and avidin‐biotin alkaline phosphatase technique was used to identify CD4+, CD45RO+ memory T‐cells and activated CD19+ B‐cells expressing CD23 or CD25. In periodontitis lesions the mean percentage of CD4+ cells expressing CD45RO was consistently high (65.9% in the crevicular (C) one‐third (1/3), 61.2% in the middle (M) 1/3 and 62.5% in the oral (O) 1/3). This contrasts with the low mean percentage of CD4+, CD45RA+ naive T‐cells (17.1% in the C 1/3, 14.8% in the M 1/3 and 12.4% in the O 1/3). In gingivitis specimens, the incidence of CD4+, CD45RO+ was 81.9% in the C 1/3, 81.1% in the M 1/3 and 89.0% in the O 1/3. This was higher than that of periodontitis biopsies. With CD4+, CD45RA+ the incidence was 10.0% in the C 1/3, 8.0% in the M 1/3, and 6.6% in the O 1/3 and the relationship to the periodontitis biopsies was reversed. However, the percentage of CD23+ and CD25+, CD19+ B‐cells which were identified in 13 out of 19 samples from periodontitis varied significantly (0‐100% for CD23, 0‐36.2% for CD25) in spite of similar clinical status. The frequency of B‐cells and activated B‐cells in the gingivitis was much lower than that of periodontitis. These results indicate that both T‐cells and B‐cells were in active stage in periodontitis lesions. Differences of immunohistological features between gingivitis and periodontitis may be attributable to the heterogeneity of profiles of cytokine product

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

At presentActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansis regarded as an important microorganism in the etiology of some forms of periodontitis. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the number of Restriction Endonuclease Analysis (REA)‐types present in the oral cavity ofA. actinomycetem‐comitanspositive subjects and to study the possibility of transmission ofA. actinomycetemcomitanswithin families of adult periodontitis patients. DNA ofA. actinomycetemcomitansisolates was digested with a combination of the restriction endonucleasesPstI andBamHI, after which the DNA fragments were separated by agarose gelelectrophoresis. To study the number of REA‐types, multipleA. actinomycetemcomitansisolates obtained from 8 different sites in the oral cavity of five subjects were typed. The results showed that in most cases only one REA‐type is present. In the 13 families investigated in 4 of the 26 children (15%) and in 1 of the 13 spouses (8%) of the adult periodontitis patients an indistinguishable REA‐type was found within the families. This suggests that also in the case of adult periodontitis transmission ofA. actinomycetemcomitansis possible, but does not seem to occ

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anaerobic microorganisms in periodontal pockets produce toxic amounts of hydrogen sulfide. The capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to kill a capsulated and a non‐capsulated variant of a group B streptococcal strain was studied in presence and absence of sulfide. The killing was equally efficient under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. However, in presence of sulfide the killing of the capsulated variant of the strain was significantly inhibited. Since this strain required higher serum concentrations to be killed by the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, it suggested that sulfide interfered with the opsonization of the bacteria. The capacity of sulfide to split the disulfide bonds of complement factor 3 and immunoglobulin G, deposited on the bacterial surface, was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophorests. There was no detectable effect of 2mM sulfide on immunoglobulin G. However, sulfide released from opsonized bacteria the β‐chain of C3b C3bi, and the C‐terminal part of the α‐chain of C3bi. This region of the α‐chain of C3bi has been suggested to bind to the complement receptor 3 of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The β‐chain of C3b/C3bi may augment the binding of opsonized bacteria to the complement receptors of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The formation of sulfide by the microflora of the periodontal pockets may provide conditions for the bacteria to escape important parts of the h

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Collagenolysis in periodontitis is thought to be modulated by the expression of three genes, collagenase, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases‐1 and ‐2 (TIMP‐1 and ‐2). We assessed the possible difference in TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2 and collagenase mRNA levels between gingival samples from patients with periodontitis and those from healthy subjects by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). This technique allows detection of transcripts from a very small sample quantity. The experiments showed that levels of TIMP‐1 and collagenase transcripts relative to β‐action are significantly higher in the diseased group than in healthy controls (8.11±0.83 versus 1.38±0.28% for TIMP‐1 and 0.50±0.10 versus 0.0075±0.0024% for collagenase, respectively). The difference in TIMP‐2 between the two groups (2.91±0.46 versus 1.84±0.87%) did not differ. Therefore, the host would have responded to the increase in collagenase level by preferentially producing TIMP‐1 against tissue destruction. The differential gene expression of TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 in our study may account for a distinct geneti

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) are the most numerous cell population among the cellular infiltrates in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and play important roles in the host‐defensive system in the gingival crevices. We determined the percentage of neutrophils, cosinophils and basophils in total PMNLs by light microscopic observation using Randolph‐methylene blue staining, then assessed flow cytometric differences in the expression of CR3, FcγRIII, FcɛRII. LFA‐1α, and LFA‐Iβ on PMNL in GCF and peripheral blood (PB) from 21 patients with adult periodontius (AP) and 13 healthy donors. Percentages of basophils and eosinophils were higher in GCF than in PB. In both AP patients and healthy subjects, expression of CR3 and FcɛRll was higher while FeγRIII was lower in GCF than in PB. The statistical analysis showed that the expressions of FcγRIII and FcɛRII on GCF PMNLs were lower in AP patients than in healthy subjects. Expressions of LFA‐1α and β on GCF were similar to those on PB PMNLs. PB PMNLs stimulatedin vitrowithPorphyromonasgingivalts culture supernatant and fMLP displayed an expression pattern of CR3, FcγRIII and FcɛRII on GCF PMNLs. However, C5a and IL‐I failed to induce changes in FcγRIII and FcɛRII. The results indicate that GCF neutrophils are activated, present enhanced adhesion and a decreased IgG‐binding ability which would reflect that they are at the terminal stage of activation, and that GCF contains a larger eosinophil fraction than in PB. Moreover, these GCF eosinop

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study investigates the relationship between the pharmacokinetic variables of nifedipine with the incidence and severity of gingival overgrowth in 9 adult male patients medicated with the drug for at least 6 months. Five of the patients had experienced significant gingival changes and were thus designated “responders”. The remaining four patients exhibited no gingival overgrowth, and thus acted as a control. A baseline periodontal examination (plaque scores, bleeding index and gingival overgrowth assessment) was carried out on each patient, and confined to the upper and lower anterior teeth. Serial blood and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected over an eight‐hour investigation period. Samples were analyzed for nifedipine by gas chromatography. No significant difference (p>0.05) was seen between responders and non‐responders with regard to drug therapy, periodontal parameters or plasma pharmacokinetics of nifedipine. Nifedipine was detected in the gingival crevicular fluid of seven subjects (all responders, and two non‐responders). The peak concentration of nifedipine in crevicular fluid was 15–90 fold greater than levels observe

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of tetracyclines on periodontal epithelial cells were investigated by culturing cells from porcine rests of Malassez in the presence of oxytetracycline, doxycycline or one of two analogues of tetracycline bearing no antimicrobial activity. Matrix metalloproteinase activity produced by the epithelial cells was assayed by quantitation of radioactive gelatin degradation and by gelatin enzymography. The results show that all tested tetracyclines exerted a direct dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on epithelial cell gelatinases. Furthermore, epithelial cells cultured with doxycycline, oxytetracycline and de‐dimethylaminot‐etracycline in concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 μg/ml showed a marked reduction in secreted gelatinase activity when grown in alpha minimum essential medium in the absence of fetal calf serum. Viability of cells following this treatment, measured as lactate dehydrogenase activity released to the cell media, was not affected by the presence of any of these drugs at the concentrations used. Scanning electron microscopy revealed striking morphologic changes of the cells following treatment with tetracyclines in the absence of serum which include rounding, decreased intercellular contacts and increased intercellular spaces. No such effects were seen in cells cultured in the presence of serum. These results provide evidence that periodontal epithelial cells produce matrix metalloproteinases whose activities are inhibited by tetracyclines and their non‐antimicrobial analogues at concentrations present in gingival crevicular fluid following tetracycline therapy. When used as adjuncts in periodontal therapy, tetracyclines may therefore inhibit epithelial cell mediated degradation of basement membrane and subepithelial connectiv

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY