摘要:

Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, andTreponema denticolahave been found to predominate in periodontal pockets of patients with adult periodontitis. These microorganisms hydrolyze the synthetic peptide N‐benzoyl‐DL‐arginine‐2‐naphthylamide (BANA). In this study, we developed an enzymatic method, designated SK‐013, to detect the existence of these microorganisms in subgingival plaque bacteria. This enzymatic method was based on the observation of the hydrolysis of N‐carbobenzoxy‐glycyl‐glycyl‐arginyl‐3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hyd‐roxyaniline (N‐CBz‐Gly‐Gly‐Arg‐DBHA) and made more sensitive by adding an enhancing system. The SK‐013 was specifically positive for P.gingivalis, B. forsythus, T. denticola, and some strains ofCapnocytophagaspecies, but was not specific for any of the other bacterial strains tested. This SK‐013 system may be valuable for detection and quantification of periodontal disease‐associated bacteria in subgingival plaque and

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An enzymatic method, SK‐013, was developed for rapid detection of the peptidase activity in subgingival plaque samples. This method was found to have specificity forPorphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Bacteroides forsythus, and someCapnocytophagastrains. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SK‐013 could indicate the presence of periodontopathic bacteria, includingT. denticola, P. gingivalisandB. forsythus, which produce trypsin‐like enzymes. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from 10 clinically healthy sites and 30 periodontally diseased sites with 3 paper points. SK‐013 activity of plaque samples was assayed, and the numbers ofT. denticola, P. gingivalisandB. forsythusin the sample were counted by immunofluorescence technique. In diseased sites, the SK‐013 activity was significantly correlated with clinical parameters such as Gingival Index, Plaque Index, probing depth and bleeding on probing. A significant correlation was found between the presence of these organisms and SK‐013 activity. Correlation coefficients between the presence ofT. denticolaand SK‐013 activity were higher than those with other organisms. These findings indicate that the SK‐013 is useful as an indicator of cell population ofT. denticola, P. gingivalis and B. forsythusin sub

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01808.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In rodents, demineralized dentine matrix induces local differentiation of endochondral bone. This study investigated the osteoinductive potential of primate dentine matrices when implanted extraskeletally in allogeneic recipients. Demineralized dentine cylinders prepared from adult baboon incisors and demineralized dentine matrix pulverized to a particle size of 74–420 μm were implanted into therectus abdominisof 4 subadult male baboons (Papio ursinus). Specimens were harvested 30 and 90 d after implantation. Histological analysis on serial sections showed bone differentiation in demineralized dentine cylinders after partial resorption of the external demineralized layer, and in resorption lacunae and excavation chambers within the matrix. Implants of demineralized dentine matrix of 74–420 μm particle size showed no osteoinductive activity as determined biochemically (alkaline phosphatase activity) and histologically. The demonstration of bone induction by primate dentine prepared from fully erupted tooth matrix suggests that putative osteogenic proteins may be conserved after dentinogenesis and embryonic tooth development, and may play a role during healing after surface demineralization of exposed root surfaces during regenerative procedures in h

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study we investigated the possibility of using sulcus temperature measurements as an early indicator for the beginning of gingival inflammation. Sulcus temperature distributions over the arches appeared to obey a quadratic polynomial. With a test group of 10 volunteers, all dental students, small changes in temperature were measured after subjects refrained from all oral hygiene: A slight but significant tendency for the frontal temperature to increase after 14 days of no oral hygiene was, however, present. The quality of a quadratic polynomial fit of the temperature distributions over the arches decreased significantly, already after 3 d of non‐oral hygiene. This indicates that the coefficient of quadratic correlation for the temperature distributions over the arches is a measure for the oral hygiene of patients and for changes in the physiology of gingival tissues. Furthermore, as its decrease was concurrent with an increase in plaque and gingival indices, it might serve as an early indicator for the beginning of gingival inflammation. However, further development work is needed in order to make this approach useful as a clinical too

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution of collagen types I and III was demonstrated in healthy periodontal tissues of the rat and marmoset using immunofluorescent localization after decalcification of the maxillae and mandiblae in 0.2 N HC1. An intense fluorescence in the alveolar bone and cementum matrix, as well as in the soft periodontal tissue, was demonstrated with anti‐collagen type I antibodies. In the gingival connective tissue and in the periodontal ligament thick fibers of collagen type I could be observed. The fluorescent reaction in the rat periodontal ligament was not strong in comparison to the marmoset periodontal ligament. Sharpey's fibers, inserting into the cementum and alveolar bone, were also stained. On the other hand, collagen type III could not be demonstrated in the hard periodontal tissues, but could be in the bone marrow stroma and the incremental lines as well as around the Sharpey's fibers of the cementum, in accordance to previous studies. In the gingival connective tissue a strong staining was evident, especially near the basement membrane. The periodontal ligament showed an intense fluorescence that was, in some areas, continuous with Sharpey's fibers inserting into the cementum. The distribution of collagen types I and III was demonstrated with immunohistochemical techniques in the rat and marmoset periodontium. These results provide necessary information on healthy tissues that will be required for future studies on the effects of pathological, reparative and regenerative processe

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have studied the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis ofPorphyromonas gingivalis (Bacteroides gingivalis)andPrevotella intermedia (Bacteroides intermedius)in three‐dimensional fibrin meshworks formed by either clotting human plasma or by clotting purified fibrinogen with human serum incorporated. PMN phagocytosis of rhodamine isothiocyanate‐labelledP. gingivalisin the fibrinogen clot was 43 ± 6% and in the plasma clot was 62 ± 10%; forP. intermediathe values were 15 ± 10% and 63 ± 10%, respectively. This showed that phagocytosis in the plasma clot system was significantly higher than in the fibrinogen clot system. However, increasing the concentration of serum in the fibrinogen clot abolished this difference, suggesting that opsonin levels determine PMN function in this assay. Labelling the bacteria with a different fluorochrome, fluoroscein isothiocyanate, reduced the level of PMN phagocytosis in both three‐dimensional systems but phagocytosis was unaffected when PMN were adherent to glass. It would appear that PMN phagocytosis in three‐dimensional systems can vary depending on the composition of the clot and the fluorochrome used to label t

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cystatins are protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, which are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this study, we report a new sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of cystatin activity in a small amount of crude sample such as gingival crevicular fluid. Cystatin activity in the crude sample was determined by using active site‐titrated papain, which is a cysteine proteinase from the plantCarica papaya. Crude samples usually contain endogenous cysteine proteinases. These competed with the added papain for the active sites of the cystatins. The cystatin‐cysteine proteinase complex was able to be dissociated by the addition of papain. This competition and dissociation could interfere with the determination of cystatin activity, since some of the cysteine proteinases, such as cathepsin B, hydrolyzed the specific substrate for papain during titration with the papain. In order to exclude this interference and measure total cystatin activity, the crude sample must be alkalinized (pH 11.0) for 5 min at 4°C followed by 10 min at 40°C before titration with papain. The minimum detectable amount of cystatins was 20 fmol/ assay when it was calculated per mole of papain inhibitory sites. Using this method, significant levels of cystatin activity were detected in all the samples of gingival crevicular fluid taken from periodontal disease patients. These results suggest that cystatins could regulate the cysteine proteinases in gingival crevicular fluid and that this new method could be useful to clarify the role of cystatins in the pathogenesis of periodontal di

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The activation state of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients may be a reflection of disease activity. We have utilized 2‐ and 3‐color flow cytometric analyses using a new chromophore, peridinin chlorophyll A protein, and conventional dyes, fluorescein isothiocyanate and phycoerythrin, conjugated to monoclonal antibodies against activated lymphocyte surface markers to measure blood lymphocyte subsets from 18 periodontitis patients and 16 periodontally healthy control subjects. Two‐color flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the frequency of CD4+and CD5+T cells, CD20+B cells, and CD16+NK (natural killer) cells were increased in periodontitis patients. Of particular interest, CD4+activated “memory” T cells, CD5+B cells, and CD56+NK effector cells were increased significantly in periodontitis patients (p<0.05). While the relationship of lymphocyte activation to periodontal disease activity remains unclear, there may be potential for using 2‐ and 3‐color flow cytometry to subcategorize periodontitis patients into high‐ and moder

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study describes for the first time the changes of both AEFC thickness and the numerical density of collagen fibers inserting into AEFC at specified levels and sites of human premolars at different stages of development. The investigation was based on 45 premolars (25 maxillary, 20 mandibular; 25 first and 20 second), extracted from adolescents and young adults. All teeth were free of disease and presented with roots developed from 30–100% of their final length. They were prefixed in Karnovsky's fixative, decalcified in EDTA and subdivided into about 14 slices each, cut from mesial and distal root surfaces, vertical to and along the root axis. The slices were postfixed in OsO4, embedded in Epon and cut for light‐microscopic study. AEFC thickness (4086 measurements) and the density of the collagenous fiber fringe (454 counts) inserting in AEFC were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. The data obtained showed: AEFC thickness increased with age and varied between 0 and 57.5 μm. Between 9 and 17 years, cervical AEFC thickness increased in maxillary first premolars from an average of 5 to 30 μm, and in mandibular second premolars from 6 to 20 μm, i.e., AEFC grew at approximately the same rate as later in life. Depending on the differences in tooth development, AEFC on maxillary first premolars became thicker than that on mandibular second premolars. Due to the corono‐apically decreasing gradient of AEFC development, its increase in mid‐root regions lagged behind that in cervical regions of all teeth in people younger than about 14 yr. During the phase of AEFC development and growth, the density of collagen fibers inserting in AEFC remained constant, irrespective of site, root aspect, AEFC thickness, and p

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An automated enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to measure prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of humans and dogs was developed as an indicator of periodontal disease. GCF is noninvasively collected on Periopaper strips and the PGE2is extracted by a simple method. Samples containing 10‐500 pg/ml PGE2can be measured. A commercially available kit is used to perform the competitive EIA in microtiter plates. In the EIA, rabbit anti PGE2antisera binds to either the PGE2in the sample or to the acetylcholinesterase‐linked PGE2. The assay is automated using the Biomek 1000 workstation, resulting in day‐to‐day variability of less than 5% CV. Dog models of chronic and ligature‐induced periodontitis were used to demonstrate that increased GCF PGE2, as measured by our assay, correlates with increased pocket depth and gingival bleedi

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY