摘要:

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) may play an important role in protection of the host from pathogenic microorganisms associated with periodontal tissue destruction. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that unusually severe periodontitis may be associated with defective PMN function at the local disease site. The patients studied included young patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (including juvenile periodontitis), age‐matched patients with gingivitis, and older patients with chronic periodontitis. Gingival crevice (GC) PMN were collected from 10 lesions of each patient by a crevicular washing technique. The number and viability of GC PMN recovered were determined. Their phagocytic capacity was assayed in vitro as a percentage of cells capable of engulfing latex particles. No differences were observed between the periodontitis groups in the number or viability of GC PMN recovered. A statistically significant reduction in mean phagocytic capacity was observed in PMN recovered from lesions of rapidly progressive periodontitis when compared with lesions of chronic periodontitis (12.9 ± 2.1 % vs. 83.7 ± 4.8 %). GC PMNs recovered from non‐diseased sites of patients with localized juvenile periodontitis did not show this decreased function. These results suggest that locally diminished PMN function in rapidly progressive and juvenile periodontitis is associated with the environment of these le

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) come in contact with plaque microorganisms in the gingival sulcus. However, little is known about the ability of PMNs to kill or inhibit the growth of plaque microorganisms. In this study, the bactericidal effects of human PMNs and serum againstS. mutans6715,S. sanguisM5, andA. viscosusT14 virulent and avirulent were examined. Plaque microorganisms grown to stationary phase were incubated with human PMNs and/or serum for 90 minutes at 37°C. The killing and growth inhibition of bacteria were determined by measurement of percent reduction in colony forming units and percent inhibition of3H‐uridine uptake by the microorganisms.A. viscosusT14 virulent was the only microorganism significantly killed by human PMNs in the absence of serum. In the presence of fresh but not heat‐inactivated (56°C, 30 minutes) human serum, human PMNs had a significant bactericidal effect against all of the microorganisms tested. Exposure ofS. mutans6715, but notS. sanguisM5, to sucrose inhibited the bactericidal effect of human PMNs in the presence of fresh human serum but not in the presence of rabbit anti‐S. mutansimmunoglobulin. Cytochalasin B markedly inhibited phagocytosis ofS. mutans6715 by human PMNs in the presence of serum. However, cytochalasin B‐treated PMNs still were significantly bactericidal forS. mutans6715 in the presence of serum. The data suggests that human PMNs may kill or inhibit the growth of certain plaque microorganisms in the gingival crevice. The microbial killing may be influenced by bacterial extracellular polysaccharides and the presence of serum antibodies and complement, both resulting in phagocytosis and extracellular lysosomal release

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gingival crevicular neutrophils were collected from 20 healthy subjects and their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium was investigated by means of a semi‐quantitative histochemical test. 78.04 % (± s.e.m. 0.8 %) of the cells were vital. 42.9 % (± s.e.m. 3.3 %) of the crevice neutrophils were NBT positive as compared to 5.6% (± s.e.m. 0.89%) of unstimulated peripheral venous blood neutrophils from the same patients (p<0.001). No difference between male and female was found. The results indicate a stimulation of crevicular neutrophils by bacteria. Furthermore, a slight correlation between blood and crevicular neutrophil activity in each individual was found, suggesting that even in the normal state some antigen or other bacterial product in the circulation is capable of stimulating the neutrophils.One patient with hereditary cyclical neutropenia, shown to have a greatly reduced number of crevicular cells, had normal activity of both blood and crevicular neutrophils as measured by this test. These findings, compatible with known immunological results, are compared with the neutrophil function test results in this patient and two other neutropenic subjects.This study supports the view that the gingival crevicular neutrophil is a functional cell capable of contributing towards host def

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Preparations of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from strains of streptococci and lactobacilli were examined for their ability to stimulate the release of enzymes from rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The three lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase, N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosamini‐dase and β‐galactosidase, were detected but not collagenase. Generally, the secretion of the lysosomal enzymes was not inhibited by cychloheximide, indicating that only preformed enzyme was being released. In contrast, cycloheximide partially inhibited the release of lysosomal enzymes by lipopolysacc

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study on the periodontal syndrome in the rice rat, observations were made on rice rats fed stock diet and followed from six days to fifteen weeks after birth, and on rice rats fed a high sucrose diet (Diet 700) from weaning (3 weeks after birth) and followed to seventeen weeks after birth.In rats fed stock diet, early massive accumulations of bacterial plaque were seen on erupting posterior teeth with an underlying PMN exudate and a PMN infiltrate within the gingival epithelium and lamina propria. Inflammatory and resorptive changes were rarely seen in the transeptal fiber area and alveolar crest in this group of animals.In rats fed diet 700, similar patterns of bacterial plaque accumulations and PMN infiltrations were seen. At later time periods, this PMN infiltrate was commonly seen to extend through the transseptal fiber area to the alveolar crest where marked osteoclastic activity was noted. Such apical extension of the inflammatory infiltrate was associated with ulceration of the overlying gingival epithelium.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of experimentally induced diabetes on inflammatory reactions in the gingival region of the beagle dog has been studied in connection with the development of dental plaque.The investigation, which was undertaken in 5 dogs, had an intra‐individual design, the increases in the amounts of gingival exudate and crevicular leukocytes during plaque development being studied in each animal before and after the induction of alloxan‐diabetes.The increases in gingival exudate and crevicular leukocytes in response to plaque accumulation showed a tendency to be lower during diabetic compared with non‐diabetic periods. It is suggested that the lower vascular reaction and the reduced leukocyte migration that were observed shortly after onset of the experimental diabetes might reflect an impaired defense mechanism of importance in the longer run for the development of pathological changes in the periodo

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The local immune reaction of progressive chronic periodontal disease may be particularly influenced by macrophages and macrophage‐derived factors. Among these substances the prostaglandins and lysosomal enzymes may play an important pathogenetic role. Parallel immunohistochemical and radioimmunological studies were done to investigate the relationships of the immune‐competent cells and the inflammatory mediators in gingival tissues. The radioimmunological analysis revealed that prostaglandin E increases markedly in the established gingival lesions. Immunohistochemically prostaglandin E was mainly localized within macrophage‐like cells. Cytoplasmic lysozyme could be detected in these cells, too. On the other hand, the B‐cell response is the prominent feature in established chronic periodontal disease. However, there is apparently a disturbed B‐cell reaction as indicated by the irregular IgG‐subclass pattern and by the production of mainly monomeric IgA. The possible interactions of macrophages and especially B‐cells via prostaglandin E‐mediated mechanism

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Odontoclasts exhibit varying numbers of nuclei. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a low dose (4 USP units per 100 g. body weight) of parathyroid hormone extract (PTE) in vivo on the numbers of nuclei in whole feline odontoclasts. Odontoclasts were recovered in smear type preparations from the resorbing primary teeth of 12 kittens aged approximately 18 weeks. Four kittens had received PTE intravenously one hour prior to sacrifice, four six hours previously, and four were controls. The fresh smears were allowed to dry and subjected to dehydrogenase enzyme histochemical reactions. The unstained odontoclast nuclei contrasted with the stained cytoplasm and were counted at a magnification of × 125. The three groups had similar distribution patterns of nuclei per cell but progressive increases in the mean and median numbers of nuclei per cell were found following PTE treatment. The mean in control animals was 7.0 S.E. ± 0.12 and in the PTE 1 hour and PTE 6 hours groups was 8.0 S.E. ± 0.12 and 8.9 S.E. ± 0.12 respectively. The median values were 5.5, 6.6 and 7.3 respectively. The differences between both the control and PTE 1 hour, and between the PTE 1 hour and PTE 6 hours groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). This rapid increase in the numbers of nuclei in odontoclasts after PTE treatment has not been reported previou

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a previous study, citric acid‐conditioning of the root surface greatly improved the rate of success of new‐attachment procedures in periodontal furcation pockets in mandibular premolars of Labrador retrievers (Crigger et al. 1978). In the present study, this experimental approach was tested in six beagles. The furcations on one side in each dog were reoperated six weeks after the first surgery. In 27 of the 35 treated teeth, mesiodistal sections showed closure of the furcation and new connective tissue attachment including deposition of new cementum. The extension of new attachment in the buccolingual dimension of the furcation, however, was not improved by repeating the surgical proced

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chronic periodontal disease was induced and through‐and‐through furcation pockets created in mandibular premolars in two groups of beagles consisting of five and six animals respectively. The furcation defects were treated by surgical debridement supplemented with citric acid conditioning of the instrumented root surface. The relative importance of three adjunctive therapeutic measures was assessed. Thus, the effect of systemic antibiotics was evaluated by inter‐group comparison. Gelfoam as a matrix support for the blood coagulum during healing was evaluated by intraindividual, contralateral comparisons in one group of animals. Coronal repositioning of the muco‐periosteal flaps was evaluated by contralateral comparisons in the second group of animals. Block specimens for histological evaluation were removed six weeks after surgery. A high rate of regeneration and new attachment of the furcations was obtained irrespective of the use of systemic antibiotics, Gelfoam and high or low flap positioning. Thus, topical acid application seems to be the crucial therapeutic factor in achieving new attachment in the present model of through‐and‐through furcat

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY