摘要:

y‐seven children, aged 13 yr, were asked to brush their teeth in school and were unaware that their toolhbrushing was being recorded on tape. Plaque levels [Plaque Index] were recorded after brushing. By repealed viewing of the tapes on a monitor, the total brushing time and the number of brushing strokes used in each of 12 areas of the dentition were obtained. The mean total brushing time (±SD) was 51.1 s (±15.4). The number of brushing strokes used in each of the 12 areas of the mouth varied widely, both within and between areas, and correlated poorly with plaque levels after brushing. In only one area (maxillary right posterior buccal) was a statistically significant negative correlation observed, and less plaque (p10 strokes compared with subjects who brushed with<10 strokes. This study emphasises the need for proper toodibrushing instruction in schoolage child

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The use of an aluminium reference object in radiographical studies permits quantification of periodontal bone changes. A digital subtraction techninque was developed for this purpose. To obtain optimal performance, two corrections have to be applied on the image: one to correct for systematic inhomogeneities such as the Heel‐effect and one to correct for film and development inhomogeneities. With an image processing system these and other necessary manipulations can be carried out easily and quickly. The method was tested on a series of radiographs of phantoms with inserted aluminium cylinders. The determined volumes corresponded well with the actual volumes within the system error. This error was found to be proportional to the surface of the inspected area (0.054 mm1/mm2) . Hence, in longitudinal studies, the method promises to be an accurate and quantitative tool, and it may be able to replace subjective and non‐quantitative observer stud

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cells obtained from calvariae of fetal rats, human gingival connective tissue and periodontal ligament of rat molars were each co‐culturedin vitrowith non‐demineralized and partly demineralized root slices in nutrient medium containing 50 μGg/ml ascorbic acid and 10 mM B‐glyeerophosphate, in order to determine whether the root slices could affect the phenotype expressed by the cells. The cultures were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Nodules of bone‐like tissue, resembling those previously described by others, were observed in the multilayers of cells obtained from rat calvariae. but not in the multilayers of gingival and periodontal ligament cells, after 30 days of culture. Calvaria cells associated with the root slices produced tissues exhibiting ultrastructure that resembled that of bone or cellular cementum. acellular cemenlum and afibrillar cementumin vivowhen examined after the same length of time. The tissues were never found in cultures of gingival fibroblasts or periodontal ligament cells. These observations suggest, first, that cells derived from bone can expressin vitrothe phenotype for the cementums; second, that cells obtained from human gingival and rat periodontal ligament do not do so when cultured under similar conditions; and third, the possibility that the osteoblasts, cementoblasts and their progenitors that are found in the periodontal ligament could, at least in part, have their origin and migrate there from the endosteal spaces of the alveolar

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Degradation of immunoglobulin A1 (IgAl) has previously been demonstrated in suspected periodontal pathogens. The present study revealed that a considerable proportion of the microbial flora in periodontal pockets of patients with juvenile periodontitis (median 29%) and rapidly progressive periodontitis (median 27%) was capable of degrading IgAl. Four different types of degradation occurred: Complete degradation of IgAl; extensive degradation leaving the Fc part of the molecule intact; traditional IgAl protease activity yielding intact Fc and Fab fragments, and removal of carbohydrate side chains on the IgAl molecule. Apart from species already known to degrade IgAl. IgAl protease was, for the first time, demonstrated in strains ofVeillonellaspp. The ability to cleave off carbohydrate side chains was a feature of a wide variety of bacteria belonging to the speciesStreptococcus sanguis, S. mitior, S. milleri, Veillonellaspp.,Actinomyces naeslundii. A. viscosus. Arachnia propionica, andBacterionema matruchotii. The ability of subgingivally colonizing bacteria to degrade IgA may be a factor contributing to aggravation and perpetuation of the inflammatory reaction in the periodontal tissues.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug flurbiprofen on the progression of periodontal disease was studied in 12 beagle dogs over a 2‐yr period. Standardized radiographs were used to measure the rate of bone loss; bone‐seeking radiophormaceutical uptake was used to assess the effect on bone metabolism, and gingival inflammation was scored. Following a 6‐month pretreatment baseline period. 6 dogs were dosed daily with 0.02 mg/kg flurbiprofen for a 12‐month treatment period. Also, one side of the mouth in each dog was treated with periodontal flap surgery at the beginning of the treatment period. After 12 months, flurbiprofen was discontinued and the dogs were studied for a 6‐month post‐treatment period. In flurbiprofen‐treated dogs the rate of bone loss was significantly decreased about both surgically and non‐surgically treated teeth throughout the 12‐month treatment period. This decreased rate was sustained through 3 months of the post‐treatment period, but was lost 6 months following the termination of flurbiprofen therapy. No similar effect on reducing the rate of bone loss was observed in the placebo‐treated dogs. A significant decrease in bone‐seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake was observed in the flurbiprofen‐treated teeth, which corresponded with the radiographic findings. Changes in gingival inflammation with flurbiprofen treatment were not observed. These data indicate that flurbiprofen is a potent inhibitor of alveolar bone loss in beagles and within 6 months of the termination of flurbiprofen the effect on slowing

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Exopolysaccharide (EP) purified from spent culture fluid of threeCapnocytophagaspecies was examined for its ability to activate the human complement system. Heparinized plasma was absorbed with bacterial cells to remove natural antibody. Aliquots of plasma were then incubated with EP for 1 h at 37 C and complement activation was evaluated by a radioimmunoassay specific for C3a (Upjohn Diagnostics). EP from each species ofCapnocytophagaactivated the complement system. The amount of C3a generated was dose‐dependent over a range from 1 to 1000 μg EP/ml plasma and reached a maximum of 28 μg C3a/ml plasma. Chelation of Ca++with EGTA inhibited complement activation by EP, which suggested that activation occurred by the classical path

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Epithelial Langerhans cells in samples of healthy and diseased gingival tissue were studied using ATPase histochemistry and the monoclonal antibodies OKT6 and anti HLA‐DR. In healthy gingiva Langerhans cells were seen in both oral and sulcular epithelium; they were generally positioned in the basal layers. No Langerhans cells were seen in junctional epithelium. In diseased tissue there was a large increase in the number of Langerhans cells in both oral and sulcular epithelium with many more being situated in the stratum spinosum. There was an increase in the expression of the Class 2 antigen, HLA‐DR, and morphological polarization occurred with dendrites preferentially orientated towards the surface. No Langerhans cells were seen in the pocket lining epithelium of periodontally diseased ging

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine the accuray of bleeding tendency measurements in order to assess the probability values of differences in number of bleeding sites at successive examinations in the individual patient. Duplicate bleeding tendency measurements were performed in patients who had received initial treatment. Measurements in deep and shallow pockets showed different reproducibility values. The proportion of agreement on lack of bleeding was relatively high (86%) in shallow‐pockets (≤4 mm) and decreased significantly in deep pockets (>4 mm). The proportion of agreement on bleeding was relatively low (36%) in shallow pockets and increased significantly in deep pockets. Chance distributions were calculated on basis of the reproducibility values of bleeding and non‐bleeding on probing. It was found that only large differences in the number of bleeding sites between two examinations can indicate a possible change in the periodontal condition of the individual patient. The sensitivity of the individual mouth bleeding score can be increased by recording as many sites as pos

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An immunohistochemical technique was used to investigate the distribution of cementum‐associated LPS in 14 human teeth extracted because of periodontal disease. Autologous affinity purified anti‐LPS antibodies were obtained against a preparation of oral LPS types bound to an epoxy‐activated Sepharose 6B‐polymyxin B column. The concentration of immunoglobulin classes G. M and A in the prepared sera was assayed by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and the reactivity of the sera was checked using an ELISA to the LPS preparation. Ground sections of the teeth were prepared and incubated with prepared autologous antiserum, followed by detection of Ig binding by a rabbit PAP system. LPS was detected on cementum which had been previously exposed to a periodontal pocket and extended to within I mm of the previous level of connective tissue attachment. LPS was only detected on the surface of cementum and on no occasion was LPS seen penetrating into sub‐surface cementum. These results suggest that extensive removal of sub‐surface cementum is not necessary in order to render root surfaces free of bacterial endotoxins during root planing

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this investigation was to study the influence of cigarette smoking on the development of gingivitis. Experimental gingivitis was induced in the mandibular anterior region by abstention from oral hygiene for 28 days. The study group consisted of 20 healthy dental students, 10 of whom were regular smokers. The clinical parameters studied were gingival bleeding on probing (60 g), gingival redness and gingival exudate. The results showed that the plaque formation rate was similar in both groups. However, smokers displayed a less pronounced gingival inflammatory reaction as compared with non‐smokers. Concerning gingival bleeding and gingival redness, the reaction in smokers was significantly less elevated from d 14 through d 28 and concerning the amount of gingival exudate it was significantly less elevated from d 21 through d 28. The differences between groups tended to increase with time. These results suggest that the inflammatory gingival response to accumulating plaque may be suppressed under the influence of cigarette smokin

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY