摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of black‐pigmenting Gram‐negative bacteria in the dentition of periodontitis patients and to examine differences in the microbial composition of samples taken from a series of adjacent sites. Separate subgingival samples were taken from the mesial, buccal, distal and oral aspects of every tooth in 10 subjects. Thus, a total of 927 sites, 84 to 102 per patient, were scored clinically and sampled microbiologically.P. intermedia and P. melaninogenicawere found in all subjects,P. gingivaliswas found in 7. The organisms tended to be distributed unevenly, giving the impression of clusters of positive samples in certain areas of the dentition. 77% of all samples positive forP. gingivaliswere alsoP. intermedia‐positive. Premolars had lower frequencies and mean proportions of P. gingivalis than incisors and molars. In the premolar and molar region, frequencies and mean proportions ofP. gingivalisincreased with more posterior location. While frequencies indicated a similar topographic distribution ofP. intermediathe mean proportions of this organism were more consistent at different locations. Based on a logistic regression model, it was estimated that the probability of detectingP. gingivaliswas 34 times higher in any site which had at least 1P. gingivalis‐positive neighboring site. ForP. intermediaany site with at least 1P. intermedia‐positive neighboring site had a chance 2.4 times higher of harboring the organism as well. The highest chance of detectingP. gingivalisandP. intermediaexisted in deep, oral pockets of molars, which bled upon

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the feasibility of detectingP. gingivalisusing selected sites and to indicate increased proportions of this organism in periodontitis patients. In 10 patients suffering from moderate to advanced periodontal disease, separate microbiological samples were taken from the mesial, buccal, distal and oral (lingual or palatal) aspects of every tooth. This yielded a total of 927 microbiological samples, 84 to 102 per patient. Three distinct patterns of distribution and relative proportion ofP. gingivaliswere recognized. In one group of patients, the organism was not cultured. In a second group, few positive sites with low proportions ofP. gingivaliswere present. A third group of patients yielded high frequencies and proportions ofP. gingivalis. The number of samples necessary to diagnose the presence ofP. gingivalisat a 95% confidence level varied considerably between the three groups. In 4 patients, sampling 4 randomly selected sites was sufficient, while in the remaining 3 positive patients, 25 or more samples were required to detect the organism with equal certainty. Seven different protocols for multiple subgingival sampling were studied. When considering the number of samples needed to detect the presence ofP. gingivalisand to estimate the highest proportion of this organism, selection of the deepest pocket in each quadrant was the most efficient method of sampling.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This present investigation concerned the effect of chemostat‐culture cell‐free supernatants ofFusobacterium nucleatumon the growth and synthetic activity of human gingival fibroblastsin vitro. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured in fetal calf serum supplemented Dulbecco‐Vogt medium containing various dilutions of conditioned or unconditioned bacterial culture medium. Cell proliferation was monitored by assessing cell growth over 5 days or incorporation of [3H]‐thymidine into DNA. Protein and proteoglycan synthesis were monitored by the incorporation of [3H]‐proline and [35S]‐sulfate, respectively, into macromolecules. While the conditioned culture medium caused a complete inhibition of cell growth and incorporation of [3H]‐thymidine DNA, there was no discernible effect on protein or proteoglycan synthesis. This indicated that the cells remained viable yet unable to divide. Such a view was supported by the observation that the inhibitory effect was reversible upon removal of the conditioned medium. This activity had a molecular size less than 30000, was heat‐stable and nonvolatile. Chemical analysis of the conditioned bacterial culture supernatants indicated that high proportions of butyrate, ammonium, and acetate were present. When these components were added to unconditioned medium and tested, most of the inhibitory activity could be attributed to ammonium and butyrate. Since many bacteria which constitute the subgingival microflora release ammonium and butyrate, a very high concentration of these metabolites may well accumulate. Clearly, the potential for inhibition of fibroblast proliferation has ramifications related to diminished tissue repair following bacterially‐induced period

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The immunohistochemical distribution of collagen types IV, V and VI has been demonstrated in healthy periodontal tissues of rats and marmosets following decalcification of the maxillae and mandiblae in 0.2 N HC1. An intense fluorescence with anti‐collagen type IV antibodies was demonstrated in the basement membranes of the epithelium and of the blood vessels and nerves. In the alveolar bone stroma and in the periodontal ligament (PL) collagen type IV was present only in the basal membranes of the blood vessels and nerves. In comparison, collagen type V was observed in a fibrillar pattern in the gingival connective tissue, as well as the PL. In the PL, type V collagenous fibers demonstrated a parallel distribution with stronger fluorescence near the cementum surface. Collagen type VI could be demonstrated in fine fibers present in the gingival connective tissue and the PL. Blood vessels and nerves were not stained in the marmoset, but were in the rat, where a localization of collagen type VI was demonstrated in these areas. Alveolar bone and cementum, as well as the Sharpey's fibers embedded in these tissues, were not stained with antibodies against collagen type V and type VI, but a pericellular localization of these collagenous components could be observed. Collectively, these results provide basic information on the relative distribution of different collagen types in normal tissues of rats and marmosets that will be required for future studies on the effects of pathological, reparative and regenerative processe

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small molecular weight polypeptide which is thought to have important functions in epithelial growth and differentiation and in wound healing. EGF exerts its action on cells through binding to a cell surface receptor. Using immunohistochemistry and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the EGF receptor, we have examined gingival specimens of periodontally healthy individuals and patients with adult adult (AP) and juvenile periodontitis (JP), as well as epithelial cell rests of Malassez. EGF receptors were expressed at high levels on the cell surface of basal cell layers of gingival epithelium. In normal junctional epithelium, on the other hand, specific labeling was faint or negative, indicating that receptors are poorly expressed or absent in these cells. No differences were detected between uninflamed gingival specimens of periodontally healthy subjects and of patients with JP. Instead, in biopsies of inflamed tissue from AP patients, an intense cell surface labeling was revealed in proliferating epithelial cells. Moreover, the epithelial cell rests of Malassez bound the antibody intensely. The results suggest that EGF is involved in control of epithelial growth and differentiation in periodontal tissucs.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of human gingival fibroblasts to synthesize interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was studied usingin vitroand immunohistochemical techniques. Culture supernatants of human gingival fibroblasts contained significant quantities of IL‐6 activity which could be stimulated by fetal calf serum, recombinant interleukin‐1β and lipopolysaccharide. The activity in the supernatants was specifically attributed to IL‐6 since up to 97% of the activity could be inhibited by an anti‐IL‐6 antibody. Immunohistochemical studies on low‐density human gingival fibroblast cullures indicated that the cells were associated with material reactive to the anti‐IL‐6 antibody. This localization was seen on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of the cells. Immunoreactivity towards IL‐6 was also noted in sections of human gingivae. Moderate staining was seen in the connective tissues and lower portions of the gingival epithelium, while intense staining was seen at foci of inflammation. The identification of IL‐6 with human gingival tissues and cells implicates this lymphokine in the molecular events associated with the inflammat

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The periodontal status of a Scottish mediaeval population was studied. No individual over the age of 11 years had an entirely healthy periodontium. While gingivitis was widespread in the younger age groups, it was essentially a “contained” gingivitis which appeared to progress towards a periodontitis at a fairly constant but slow rate. The pattern of prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and periodontitis was similar to many modern epidemiological studies on natural dentitions but did not support the view that the prevalence of periodontitis in historic material was high. A small proportion of individuals appeared to be either susceptible or resistant to periodontal disease. It was concluded that the study of historic material provides valuable information with regard to the natural history of human periodontal dise

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The composition of the extracellular matrix produced by epithelial cells in contact with metabolically inert substrata was studied with antibodies specific for type VIII collagen. Type VIII collagen was present in the cell layer of cultured gingival epithelial cells, and at the epithelium‐substratum interface of an explant culture model for junctional epithelium. Samples of the epithelial attachment apparatus (EAA)in vivowere collected by removing the junctional cells directly attached to the tooth (DAT cells) and the associated EAA matrix. The amount of material collected was sufficient for biochemical analysis of both intra‐ and extracellular components of the junctional cell‐EAA complex. Immunological examination of the samples revealed that type VIII collagen was associated with epithelial cells forming the EAAin vivo. We suggest that this collagen type functions in the extracellular space as an attachment‐promoting factor for gingival epithelial cells at the tooth

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study design and baseline characteristics of a multicenter trial to test the effectiveness and safety of locally delivered tetracycline for treatment of adult periodontitis are described. Local delivery was provided by 0.5 mm diameter ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer fibers loaded 25% with tetracycline hydrochloride which were placed into periodontal pockets and maintained by an adhesive for 10 (±2) days. A total of 113 subjects (56 male and 57 female; mean age 49.3 yr) at five centers participated in the study. Subjects were selected who had 4 nonadjacent teeth with 6–10 mm pockets that bled on probing. The selected sites in each subject were randomly assigned to 4 test groups: tetracycline fiber, control fiber, scaling with root planing, or untreated. A balanced experimental design was thereby established in which each subject contributed equally by providing 4 clinically comparable sites for evaluation. To provide a more specific model for testing periodontitis therapy, gingivitis was treated prior to the initiation of the study by prophylaxis with supragingival calculus removal and home care instruction. Clinical response variables measured were pocket depth reduction, attachment level gain and bleeding on controlled‐force probing measured at baseline, 30 d, and 60 d. Levels of 6 bacterial species selected as probable periodontal pathogens were measured by DNA probe analysis of plaque samples. The design of this study provided several unique analytical opportunities. Controls included a comparison with conventional treatment, analysis of vehicle effects, and effects at untreated sites. Comparison of the test group with controls permitted evaluation of the principal variables that could effect interpretation of results. The balanced design created by equal representation of each subject in each test provided means to compensate for individual differences between subjects. The combination of these factors resulted in an experimental design which addresses many of the concerns that have been expressed relating to the conduct of clinical trials of periodontal treatm

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The safety and efficacy of periodontal disease treatment by intrapocket placement of tetracycline (TC) fibers was investigated in a 60‐day multicenter study conducted by selecting 4 sites in each subject with 6–10 mm pockets that bled on probing. Sites were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 test groups: TC fiber therapy, scaling, control fiber (fibers without drug), or untreated. TC fibers and control fibers were placed to fill the pocket and were maintained with a cyanoacrylate adhesive for 10(±2) d. Scaling was performed for a minimum of 5 min under local anesthesia. Following initial tooth cleaning procedures, pocket depth, attachment level and bleeding on controlled‐force probing were measured at baseline and at 30 d, and 60 d following therapy. Analysis of data from 107 subjects who had complete clinical data sets indicated that TC fiber therapy significantly decreased pocket depth, increased attachment level, and decreased bleeding on controlled‐force probing to a greater extent than observed in all other test groups including scaling. These effects were greater than, and in addition to, effects that occurred due to prophylaxis and improved home care. No serious adverse side‐effects attributed to TC fiber therapy were observed. No TC fiber‐treated sites abscessed and superinfection was not noted. A transient redness at fiber removal was seen at 21% of the sites. Although fibers were placed without anesthesia, mild pain on initial placement was infrequent (19%) and abated rapidly. The results indicate that TC fiber placement provides a safe and effective means for treatment of periodonta

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb02076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY