摘要:

Seventy‐six enzyme activities of mixed whole saliva, parotid saliva, serum, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were examined in 10 individuals with healthy periodontium, 10 adult periodontitis patients, and 4 localized juvenile periodontitis patients by using the API ZYM (Analytab Products Inc., Plainview, N. Y.) and API ZYM AP (API System, La Balme les Grottes, France) semi‐quantitative micromethod systems. Enzymes assayed included phosphatases, esterase, lipase, glycosidases, and proteases including numerous aminopeptidases.Among the three study groups, mixed whole saliva of adult periodontitis patients revealed the highest and mixed whole saliva of healthy individuals the lowest enzyme activities. Statistically significant differences were found for alkaline phosphatase, esterase, β‐glucuronidase, α‐glucosidase, and some aminopeptidases. Bacterial sediment of whole saliva exhibited higher enzyme activities than whole saliva supernatant. Serum contained numerous aminopeptidases which were virtually undetectable in whole saliva. Some enzyme activities found in mixed whole saliva could not be detected in parotid saliva. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes demonstrated a distinct enzyme profile.The present study shows that varying enzyme profiles exist among the various components which make up whole saliva. It also indicates that numerous salivary enzymes originate from oral microorganisms and that the enzyme activity of whole saliva is higher in individuals with periodontal disease than in periodontally healthy

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the study was to characterize the noncollagenous acid‐soluble proteins of gingiva and to determine their function. Gingival tissues of healthy adult dogs and those with spontaneously occurring advanced periodontitis were studied. The dental laminac from newborn puppies and skin of newborn and adult animals were also analyzed. Tissues were extracted with buffered salt at neutral pH followed by 0.5 M acetic acid. SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that salt extracts of all of the tissues contained collagens and several more rapidly migrating components; the latter cross‐reacted with an antiserum to whole dog serum and were, therefore, derived from serum and tissue fluids. The acid extracts of normal gingiva contained a family of collagenase‐resistant, pepsin‐sensitive components ranging in size from about 32 kD to 75 kD. These components did not cross‐react with the antiserum and appeared to be components of the connective tissues. They were partially purified by DEAE‐cellulose chromarography and shown to be similar to the acidic structural glycoproteins of other connective tissues. These acid‐soluble proteins were present in moderate to large amounts in extracts of healthy gingival tissues and in trace amounts in dental lamina. The amount in extracts of regenerated gingiva was much greater than in extracts of normal gingiva. Only traces were found in the extracts of gingivae from animals with spontaneous periodontitis. The data indicate that these proteins may be important structural components of the normal connective tissue matrix, and their loss during the early stages of periodontitis may be an important event in progressive tis

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution and size of hemidesmosomes on the basal cell membrane adjacent to the basement lamina and desmosomes on the spinous cell membranes were compared in the attached gingiva, hard palate, tongue, alveolar mucosa, and buccal mucosa of the vervet monkey. The lengths of the sectioned cell membranes and pooled desmosome lengths were measured on photomicrographs of basal and spinous cells printed at standard magnification. The mean desmosomal length, interdesmosomal distance, and percentage cell membrane occupied by desmosomes was calculated. It was found that the percentage cell membrane occupied by hemidesmosomes was significantly higher in the basal cells of the attached gingiva and palate than in the alveolar mucosa, buccal mucosa, and tongue. In the spinous cell layer the percentage cell membrane occupied by desmosomes and the desmosome length was significantly higher in the tongue, attached gingiva, and hard palate than in the alveolar mucosa and buccal mucosa.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between T cell proliferative responses to oral microorganisms and periodontal disease status was studied utilizing a standardized T cell/monocyte mixture previously shown to generate maximal proliferative responsesin vitro. T cells from periodontally healthy and diseased subjects were found to respond equally well to all oral microorganisms tested. When subjects were grouped according to their T cell response profile by cluster analysis, a generalized high responder and generalized low responder group was defined. Low responders were found to have significantly more redness and bleeding on probing than high responders. No differences were found between the two groups with respect to suppuration, plaque, attachment level, pocket depth, or bone loss. Patients not falling into the high or low responder groups had intermediate proliferative responses and moderate amounts of inflammation. These findings indicate that T cell proliferative responses to oral microorganisms may identify subgroups of individuals with unique clinical features.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The statistic kappa is presented as a more appropriate measure of interexaminer agreement than simple percentage agreement scores, because it incorporates an adjustment for the degree of agreement to be expected purely on the basis of chance. When applied to data from an interexaminer reliability study of six variables measuring periodontal pathology, the kappa statistic confirmed and strengthened many of the conclusions drawn in the original paper. In addition, thanks to the use of kappa in the study of other variables, comparisons were possible with the degree of interexaminer agreement attained in clinical medicine and in dental caries.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study determined the effects of a simplified oral hygiene regime plus local applications of metronidazole or chlorhexidine on the subgingival microflora. Twenty‐one patients, with periodontal pockets 4 mm or deeper, underwent one session of scaling, root planing, and oral hygiene instruction (Bass method but without emphasis on interdental cleaning). Eight patients performed once daily subgingival irrigation with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution for 28 days. Thirteen patients had either 0.5% metronidazole in dialysis tubings or 40% metronidazole in acrylic resin strips inserted subgingivally once weekly, also for four weeks.For each subject, subgingival plaque was obtained from two chemically treated (test) and one non‐chemically treated (control) pockets at days 0 (prior to scaling and root planing), 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, and 84. The subgingival microflora was assessed using darkfield microscopy. Bacteria were characterized as cocci, motile organisms, spirochaetes, and others (straight and curved rods, filaments and fusiforms).Both chlorhexidine and metronidazole groups showed beneficial change still apparent at the end of the study (3 months). Great increases in proportions of cocci and reductions in spirochaetes and all other forms of bacteria were observed. Metronidazole reduced spirochaetes more but, unlike chlorhexidine, had a variable effect on motiles. Root planing alone had less effect. Generally, metronidazole and chlorhexidine appeared equally beneficial. It was concluded that in spirochaete‐dominated plaque, metronidazole may be preferred agent. Where motiles predominate, chlorhexidine may be the topical agent of c

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The interbacterial matrix of subgingival plaque obtained from 12 individuals was examined by agar‐filtration negative stain electron microscopy. Flagellated bacteria were abundant in all samples from patients having periodontal disease. In addition, the plaques of all patients having periodontal disease, with the exception of two children diagnosed as having localized severe periodontitis, had varying amounts of long thin filamentous extracellular bacterial appendages morphologically identical to bacterial fimbriae. These appendages seemed to form into bundles to which bacterial membranes, blebs, and debris appeared to attach. Further studies examined the cell surface structures of bacteria freshly isolated from several of these plaque samples. Of 113 bacterial colonies examined, 49 (43.3%) had surface fimbriae like appendages.Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gracilis, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Capnocytophagaspecies,Fusobacteriaspecies, andHaemophilusspecies had fimbriae. Only 4 of 113 colonies bore flagella. It was concluded that bacterial extracellular appendages resembling fimbriae are common morphologie components of plaque interbacterial matrix and may pay play a significant role in adhesive interactions within plaque. Although flagellated bacteria were commonly seen within subgingival plaques, few fresh isolates were observed to produce these structure

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Certain metal salts inhibit the growth of dental plaque. The effect of zinc salts was investigated because of contradictory reports in the literature. Using cultures of human plaque, artificial dental plaques were grownin vitroon aluminium strips. The effect of various zinc salts was examined by treating the strips intermittently with solutions of the salts during the period of growth. The action of mouthwashes containing zinc saltsin vivoon plaque growth was determined in human volunteers.All the water‐soluble zinc salts that were tested gave a similar concentration‐dependent inhibition of plaque growthin vitro. The effectiveness of the treatment was reduced by increasing the time allowed for growth after the final application of zinc.Solutions of zinc (17–19 mM) as the citrate or phenolsulphonate salt, gave about 30% reduction in the extension of plaque along the gingival marginin vivoover 16 hours. Subjects with high rates of plaque growth with the placebo mouthwash were most affected by zinc salts. Increasing the zinc concentration to 30 mM did not further increase the activity. Previous reports of low activity of zinc against plaque growthin vivoare explained by too low a concentration of zinc or too low a frequency of application. The results confirm that zinc salts, including zinc citrate, inhibit the growth of plaquein vivoandin

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present pilot study was designed to examine the healing sequence when cells from the PDL are allowed to migrate coronally and populate the curetted root surface.Mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected around the premolars and mandibular incisors of two beagle dogs with naturally‐occurring periodontal disease. The roots were thoroughly planed, and grooves were marked at the level of the crest of remaining alveolar bone. Millipore filters (pore size 3 microns) were adapted circumferentially to the roots and sealed to the teeth above the CEJ with cyanoacrylate before suturing the flaps. Histologic analysis of the experimental and sham‐operated control teeth was done at 5, 7, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after the surgery.An initial phase of root resorption was followed by new connective tissue attachment coronal to the groove in successful experimental teeth. No new connective tissue attachment could be seen in the controls although the JE appeared to be located slightly coronal to the groove with time.The findings of the present study suggest that the chances of obtaining a new connective tissue attachment may be enhanced if surgical procedures are designed to allow selective population of curetted root surfaces by cells arising from the

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the present study was to assess periodontal destruction and related etiological factors in three young adult male populations in the U. S. A., Norway, and Sri Lanka. The clinical examination included the Plaque Index (Silness&Löe 1964), Retention Index for calculus, defective fillings, and gingival caries (Löe 1967), Gingival Index (Löe&Silness 1963), and Loss of Attachment (Ramfjord 1959).Plaque accumulation, calculus deposition, and gingival inflammation were higher in interproximal than buccal areas. Plaque and Gingival Index scores remained constant over the entire age range in each population. The filling experience was high in Norway compared to the U. S. A. and Sri Lankan populations where few defective fillings were found. Caries related to the gingival margin were rare in all three populations. Loss of attachment increased with age and was greater on buccal surfaces than mesial surfaces. The distribution of attachment loss was similar in the three populations, and the greatest attachment loss involved maxillary first molars, maxillary and mandibular first premolars, and mandibular incisors. Rates of attachment loss in these young populations were low, averaging less than 0.06 mm per ye

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1983.tb00402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY