摘要:

The subgingival bacterial flora from 2 gingival sites was cultured and characterized monthly in twenty periodontitis‐free women during pregnancy and again post‐partum. Monthly plaque samples were also cultured in eleven age and disease matched non‐pregnant women. Plaque was processed anaerobically on selective and nonselective media and the predominant colony types were characterized. A portion of each plaque sample was tested for bacterial uptake of C14‐estradiol and C14‐progesterone. Plasma levels of estrogens and progesterone were measured four times in each subject. The number of gingival bleeding sites, the Gingival Index and the Plaque Index were determined at each sampling period.In the second trimester there was a significant increase in gingivitis, the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic bacteria, and the proportional levels ofBacteroides melaninogenicusss.intermedius.In the third trimester both gingivitis and the levels ofB. melaninogenicusss.intermediusdecreased. Plaque uptake of C14‐steroids increased significantly during pregnancy and paralleled the plaque levels ofB. melaninogenicusss.intermedius.In the second trimester, recovery ofB. melaninogenicusss.intermediuswas strongly correlated with plasma levels of estrogens and progesterone. No changes were observed in clinical parameters or the subgingival flora of non‐pregnant subjects.Pregnancy and specifically steroid hormones appear capable of influencing the normal bacterial flora and inducing alterations in the subgin

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The predominant dental plaque flora of 15 female beagle dogs (1,3 and 6 year old) with naturally developed gingivitis was studied using a continuous anaerobic culturing technique. Supra‐ and subgingival plaque samples from the buccal aspect of the upper third premolar were cultured on various growth media and the organisms were partially characterized. The flora in all dogs was composed mostly of anaerobic Gram negative organisms. B. asaccharolyticus(B. melaninogenicus ss. asaccharolyticus)was found in both types of plaques in all animals and decomposed hydrogen peroxide suggesting catalase activity.F. nucleatumwas found in higher proportions in the subgingival plaque as compared toB. asaccharolyticusand actinomycetes. Spirochetes were found in 10 of 15 supra‐ and in 1 of 15 subgingival specimens.S. mutans, S. mitior, S. salivarius, Veillonella, Selenomonasor vibrios could not be detected in any of the plaque samples. A combined data analysis showed, that the total viable CFU and the proportions of Gram positive organisms were significantly higher in the supra‐ than the subgingival plaque. Although the proportions of Gram negative bacteria were higher in subgingival plaque, the differences between the two types of plaques excludingF. nucleatumwere not signif

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighteen adults with chronic periodontitis participated in an experiment to study the effect of sampling the subgingival microbial flora of periodontal pockets on the subsequent microbial composition of the pocket contents. Samples of bacteria were collected atraumatically with a periodontal curette from periodontal pockets. The sample was suspended in 0.85 N saline containing 1 % gelatin. A drop of the suspension suitably diluted was applied to a microscopic slide and the specimen immediately examined by darkfield microscopy. The microbial flora was classified into coccoid cells, motile cells, spirochetes and “other” microorganisms. The proportion of bacteria in each of these 4 categories was expressed as a percentage, based on the examination of the first 200 bacteria detected in a series of high power fields (mag. × 1200). The microbial composition of the contents of each of 6 pockets was examined at day 0 (baseline data) and each pocket reexamined once either 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 or 42 days later. In addition to the microbial examination, GI and P1I scores and probing depth measurements were also obtained at day 0 and at the reexamination.The results indicated a tendency toward reduced P1I and GI scores at the various reexaminations in comparison to baseline scores. Probing depth measurements did not change significantly. A slight but significant proportional increase in coccoid cells was detectable at 3 days and persisted at more or less the same level for the remainder of the experiment. Spirochetes showed a proportional decrease from baseline during the first week, while motile cells were proportionally reduced only on day 3. No significant changes occurred in the “other” microorganisms. It is not clear from the results if the alterations in the microbial flora were due to the sampling procedureper seor to a change in oral hygiene habits in a population of new patients suddenly more aware of their periodontal status. The clear‐cut changes from baseline to day 3 levels and the subsequent lack of change from the 3‐day through the 42‐day intervals suggest that samplingper semay have contributed only to the changes from baseline noted in the first few days. The change in oral hygiene habits, however, may have contributed not only to the initial changes from baseline, but also to the maintenance of the new microbial proportions at a stable level for the remainder of the experimental period. Despite changes from baseline, all criteria remained well within the range of values that might be expected at periodontally diseased sites in patients with untreated chronic

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of a single session of scaling and root planing on the subgingival periodontal flora of 14 adult human subjects was investigated by darkfield microscopy. At baseline, one randomly selected periodontally diseased site in each subject was assessed for GI and P1I scores, probing depth and the percentage distribution in subgingival debris of coccoid cells, spirochetes, motile cells and other microorganisms. Following a single full mouth scaling and root planing session, these criteria were reevaluated at other initially diseased sites, one per subject and time interval. The intervals tested were days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 70 and 90.The P1I and GI scores tended to decrease during the first 14 days, returning to baseline around days 21–28. After another transient decline around 35–42 days the values stabilized around baseline levels till the end of the experiment. Probing depth decreased below baseline during the first 7 days and with the exception of day 28, remained below baseline level till the end of the experiment. Coccoid cells increased from 25.1 % at baseline to 76.1 % on day 3. Return to the baseline level occurred by day 21. Spirochetes did not return to baseline until day 42. The percentage of motile cells decreased significantly from baseline on day 3 only (14.8 % to 3.8 %).The results indicated that a single session of scaling and root planing is capable of disturbing the proportions of certain bacterial forms in the subgingival periodontal flora, and that it may require approximately 42 days for the proportions to return to baseline levels. Probing depth was significantly decreased by the debridement throughout most of the 90‐day experimental period. The proportion of coccoid cells was negatively correlated with both GI and P1I scores, while the percentage of spirochetes was positively correlated with GI and P1I scores as well as probing depth measure

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in the products of gingival washing and the rate of gingival fluid flow were measured in eight volunteers during a period of experimental gingivitis on the upper dental arch. Both parameters increased significantly during the 21 days of no brushing. However, the concentration of PMNs increased, between day 0 and day 21, by a factor of 2.1, whereas the flow of gingival fluid collected on teeth no 13 and 21 showed a 5.4 fold increase during the same period. When the amount of gingival fluid was very low (at days 0 and 28), the number of migrating PMNs was still rather high. For each volunteer, the concentration of PMNs in the washings through the period of experimental gingivitis was not always correlated to the rate of gingival fluid flow. These data confirm previous findings on dogs that sulcular PMNs emigration and flow of gingival fluid could be two independent phenomena.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The inflammatory lesions in advanced periodontal disease are characterized by a plasma cell infiltrate.In vitrosynthesis of immunoglobulins (Ig) was detected by incorporation of14C‐lysine and14C‐isoleucine combined with immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiog‐raphy. IgG and IgA but not IgM synthesis was detected in chronically inflamed gingival tissues. No Ig synthesis was detected in histologically normal gingival tissue cultured under the same conditions or in predominantly fibrotic tissue. These results directly indicate that local synthesis does occur in diseased gingival tissues, suggesting that not all of the immunoglobulin in the gingival sulcus and gingival tissues are derived from the circul

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Spontaneously developing periodontitis lesions in rats fed a regular pelleted chow and a powdered high sucrose diet were examined by electron microscopy. Inflamed connective tissue contained numerous monocytes and large and small lymphocytes. Most large lymphocytes possessed the cytoplasmic features of blast‐type cells. Fibroblasts located within the inflamed connective tissue were found to be closely juxtaposed to mononuclear cells, many clearly belonging to the lymphocyte line. A narrow intercellular space separated adjacent cells in these fibroblast‐lymphocyte aggregates. Although the fibroblasts did not demonstrate the characteristic features usually attributed to cytotoxic damage, they did contain an increased number of dense and pleomorphic granules which contained poorly polymerized collagenous material. These features resemble, in part, those seen in colchicinetreated fibroblast suggesting that collagen secretion may be impaired in fibroblasts closely juxtaposed to lymphocytes in inflamed periodontal connective tis

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To test the hypothesis of an association between periodontosis and the HLA‐complex, 30 unrelated patients and 8 families were tissue typed for HLA‐A and ‐B antigens. The patients were divided in two groups on an ethnic basis. Control groups consisted of unrelated individuals of the same ethnic origin. In the Negroid group I a statistically significant increase in the frequency of HLA‐BW35 was found. However, this significance was not apparent when compared to a control group matched for geographical location as well as ethnic origin. No statistically significant differences were observed in the Caucasoid group II. The segregation patterns of HLA and periodontosis in the families were not conclusive. Establishing whether unaffected younger siblings of the patients will develop periodontosis in the future complicated the analysis. More family studies are needed to assess whether the distribution of HLA haplotypes in affected siblings is indeed random as suggested by our data

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Volatile organic compounds in mouth air and saliva are useful in diagnosis of several systemic pathologies. Specific oral metabolites (ammonia, urea, volatile sulphur compounds) have been suggested as possible diagnostic and contributory factors to the etiology or pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this study, volatile organic compounds are characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry from the headspace of incubated whole saliva from subjects with essentially normal oral health and subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis as rated by four oral health indices. Several compounds including aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, indole and dimethyl disulfide appear common to all subjects. Moreover, aromatic nitrogen containing compounds, i.e., pyridine and picolines, appear only in subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis. The occurrence of pyridine and picolines in the salivary volatiles of diseased subjects suggests that they are related to the disease process.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alveolar bone loss with increasing age was compared in strain STR/N and random‐bred Swiss‐Webster mice. All animals were fed pelleted laboratory chow and tap water and killed at 3 month intervals from 3–18 months of age. Alveolar bone loss was quantitated by measuring loss of alveolar crest height on the lingual aspect of the defleshed right hemimandible, and by planimetric measurement of the quantity of trabecular bone in a single undecalcified mesiodistal section of the same hemimandible. The left hemimandible was fixed in formalin and examined histologically. There was a progressive severe loss of alveolar bone with increasing age in strain STR/N mice, which was not observed in random‐bred Swiss‐Webster mice. Histologically, the bone loss was associated with progressive gingivitis and periodontal pocket formation. The bone loss was not related to hair or bedding impaction or to obvious dental morphological differences between the two strains. Systemic disturbances such as generalized osteoporosis or diabetes mellitus were not present. The occurrence of bone loss in STR/N mice in the absence of any applied stimulus suggests that this strain is suitable for studying mechanisms of alveolar bone loss and factors capable of modifying

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY