摘要:

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to set out a number of ideas on business policy and corporate strategy which underlie a larger research project. It arises in part from a University Seminar in Industrial Economics which for many years provided a forum for academics and businessmen to discuss the growth and organization of particular firms: in part from the upsurge of interest in teaching business policy: and in part from a growing preoccupation, especially among business historians, with the decision‐making processes within firms. These have wide implications for the understanding of the nature of entrepreneurship and strategy in the modern business corporatio

ISSN:0143-2095    

DOI:10.1002/smj.4250010402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPPB, MBO and ZBB have each been implemented in the U.S. Federal government, ostensibly as means for facilitating planning and control in agencies and programmes. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of these techniques as management tools, political strategies and ritualistic symbols using concepts discussed in the organizational theory, planning and control, and policy science literatures. Two basic conclusions emerge from the evaluation. First, PPB, MBO and ZBB may inappropriately encourage the use of an analytical, computational decision strategy, and a cost/benefit method of performance assessment at a level within the organization and in environmental settings which call for an inspirational decision strategy and social test performance assessment. As a result, environmental variety may not be matched by an organizational response which is equally variable.Secondly, PPB, MBO and ZBB may have been used more as political strategies and ritualistic symbols for controlling and directing controversy by both the executive and legislative branches of the U.S. Federal government and less as management tools for improving decision making within the U.S. Federal bureaucracy. These management tools give the appearance of rationality in the formulation of public policy which is consistent with man's need for confidence building and conflict avoidance in running the affairs of state.

ISSN:0143-2095    

DOI:10.1002/smj.4250010403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper extends previous work in the development of a methodology for ill‐structured policy problems. It argues that recent advances in the structure and logic of argumentation allow one to develop a new basis for treating policy issues. In brief, policies may be viewed as the outcome of a process of reasoning (argumentation) whose purpose is to establish the basis (rationale) for the policy. This paper shows how the tools of symbolic logic may be applied to handle arguments containing strong inconsistencies. The tools presented allow treatment of one of the most fundamental issues concerned with ill‐structured problems, the divergence between opposing formulations or perceptions of a prob

ISSN:0143-2095    

DOI:10.1002/smj.4250010404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite weak empirical support for its effectiveness, the dialectical inquiry system (DIS) has been recommended to improve the strategic decision‐making process. This study compares the effectiveness of the DIS to alternative techniques. Thirty‐two organizational planners from the United Way of America were randomly assigned to a DIS and three other planning conditions. All planners submitted a planning report for a common case situation. Results suggest that, in general, the quality of the reports from planners in the DIS condition wasinferiorto the quality of reports submitted by subjects in the other conditions. For example, reports submitted by planners in a devil's advocate condition were judged to reflect a significantly more appropriate degree of risk than reports submitted by DIS planners. These results suggest that further investigation of the DIS is necessarybeforethe validity of the technique is assu

ISSN:0143-2095    

DOI:10.1002/smj.4250010405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe need for effective competitive strategy planning for a firm's survival and growth has long been recognized to be important. The identification and selection of good, or robust, market strategies must be based on the anticipation of the likely strategies of significant competitors, who should ideally be visualized as undergoing a similar process of assessing their own and other's goals and probable strategies.This paper reviews and evaluates the traditional economic and game theoretic approaches to competitive strategy analysis and presents an application of metagame analysis—an approach which has not previously been used in the strategic business environment. This approach, which appears to have some significant advantages over both economic and game theoretic approaches has been utilized and evaluated in a business firm (Dutta and King, forthcoming). An illustration of its use, which is based on a real‐world application, is discus

ISSN:0143-2095    

DOI:10.1002/smj.4250010406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractState‐owned enterprises, referred to as “government owned business corporations” in this paper, are a common phenomenon in Canada, are increasing in number, and are contributing substantially to the economy. The environment for these corporations is examined to establish the principal components and to identify two dominating trends in public policy, privatization and commercialization.The paper suggests that these trends, plus management's desire for flexibility, are resulting in the formulation of autonomy strategies designed to increase management's decision making capability relating to operating and strategic management with less government interference.A final section integrates the environment and autonomy strategies discussions to develop a typology for classifying the behaviour of government owned business corporations. The paper concludes that managers of government owned business corporations in Canada are formulating and implementing autonomy strategies because of environmental factors, public policies, and management's desire for indepen

ISSN:0143-2095    

DOI:10.1002/smj.4250010407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-2095    

DOI:10.1002/smj.4250010408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-2095    

DOI:10.1002/smj.4250010409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0143-2095    

DOI:10.1002/smj.4250010401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY