摘要:

During the past decade, a group of cells located in the dermis and possessing a dendritic morphology have emerged from obscurity and become recognized as important members of the „dermal immune system”. This group of cells is characterized by a considerable degree of immunophenotypic and functional heterogeneity. In this review, the salient features of these dermal dendritic cells are put into a dermatopathology perspective, with particular emphasis on a broad group of inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. There appear to be multiple subsets of dermal dendritic cells, and 17 different conditions linked to active participation of these newly recognized cells. Exactly how these different subsets of dermal dendritic cells interact amongst each other, as well as with adjacent cells such as T‐lymphocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes in these different diseases is unclear at this time. However, isolation techniques and monoclonal antibodies capable of distinguishing these subsets, as well as functional assays, are currently available and will permit definitive conclusions to be drawn regarding their pathophysiological significance. It is highly likely that, as more data is gathered, dermal dendritic cells will be the focus of further investigative activity by dermatopathologists for the next decade, and well past the year

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ninety‐six proliferating cutaneous epithelial cysts were classified into two subtypes, proliferating trichilemmal cysts (PTC) and proliferating epidermoid cysts (PEC), depending on the mode of keratinization or the origin of the tumors. The clinicopathological features and the biological behavior of these two subtypes were compared. Among 63 patients with PTC, 45 (71%) were women and 18 (29%) were men. The most common site was the scalp (78%), followed by the trunk (13%). These tumors were well circumscribed subepidermal lesions and demonstrated uniform histologic pattern with varying degrees of cytologic atypia. A few tumors extended into the epidermis and occasionally became ulcerated. Follow‐up of 59 (94%) PTC for an average of 4 years revealed recurrence in one. Ten tumors demonstrated carcinomatous changes including one with anaplastic carcinoma and regional lymph node metastasis. None of these tumors recurred or developed further metastasis following wide excision. Of 33 PECs, 12 (36%) occurred in women and 21 (64%) in men. These tumors were widely distributed in the pelvic and anogenital areas (36%), followed by the scalp (21%), upper extremities (18%), and trunk (15%). Seventy‐nine percent of the PECs were located in areas outside the scalp. The PECs were subepidermal tumors but often communicated to the surface. The histologic pattern of PEC was more variable than that of PTC. Seven tumors exhibited carcinomatous changes. Follow‐up of 30 (91 %) PEC revealed local recurrences in 6, with multiple recurrences in 3, and extensive local invasion in 2, resulting in death in one. Greater anaplasia, high mitotic rate and deeper invasion were associated with increased incidence of recurrence and aggressive behavior. Although both PTC and PEC were locally aggressive tumors and potentially malignant, distant metastasis was unusual. These tumors should be treated with wide local excision, especially those showing cytologic atypia and carcinomatous

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adhesion molecules are involved in leukocyte recruitment, lymphocyte recirculation, and in several aspects of tumour biology. Recent discoveries of surface proteins on tumour cells involved in tumour metastasis may explain the invasive behaviour, the migration involving reversible adhesive contacts, the release into the circulation and the extravasation of tumour cells.CD44 is a family of glycoproteins involved in cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions. The v6 (variant exon v6) form of CD44 confers a metastatic potential onto some carcinoma cells. In the present study, the expression of CD44v6 on skin biopsies of 10 inflammatory skin diseases, 30 cutaneous lymphomas (CL), 11 reactive lymph nodes, 10 primary nodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and 5 secondary nodal NHL was investigated immunohistochemically.None of the 10 nodal NHL were CD44v6 positive for the neo‐plastic B‐ or T‐cells, whereas 11/12 CL with systemic spread showed a distinct CD44vG expression in the skin. CD44v6 was not expressed on the tumour cells of skin biopsies of patients without systemic spread (18 cases of CL). In conclusion, CD44v6 expression is connected to an aggressive beha

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The incidence of Merkel cells has previously been investigated in a number of inflammatory and tumorous lesions of the skin. Special attention was given to tumors with follicular differentiation. In the present study we examined the localization of Merkel cells in another adnexal tumor, the desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (n= 15), as well as in its main differential diagnosis, the morpheiform basal‐cell carcinoma (n=30). Using immunohistochemical methods, we found Merkel cells as a stable constituent in desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas, but failed to detect them in morpheiform basal‐cell carcinomas. These findings might therefore be an important tool in the sometimes very difficult but clinically imperative distinction between these two conditions. Furthermore, our study may be of interest in the discussion about the origin of desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas. High numbers of Merkel cells in desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas indicate a bulge‐derived origin of this adnexal tumor, since high numbers of Merkel cells, especially in the bulge, were recently discovered. Although the significance of Merkel cell hyperplasia in desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is not presently understood, a regulatory role of the Merkel cell in growth and development of this adnexal tumor is sugg

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been hypothesized that the ability for neoplastic growth of epithelial‐derived neoplasms depends upon the stroma. There are currently some studies which show that the stroma surrounding basal cell carcinomas (BCC) is derived from the tumor. In contrast, other studies provide evidence that the stroma is a host‐derived response to the tumor. In order to further examine the nature of stroma enveloping cutaneous epithelial neoplasms, we examined a series of tumors which contain abundant stroma, including morpheic type BCC (MBCC), desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas (DTE), and microcystic adnexal carcinomas (MAC). The spindle‐shaped cells surrounding the epithelial islands of the two malignant tumors, MBCCs and MACs, were negative in 70% and 100% of cases, respectively, for CD34. In contrast, the spindle‐shaped cells surrounding the islands of the benign DTEs were positive for CD34 in 80% of cases. The results suggest that whereas stromal cells surrounding DTEs resemble the CD34‐positive perifollicular cells, the spindle‐shaped stromal cells surrounding MBCC and MAC are CD34 negative, and may be derived from sources other than the normal mesenchymal tissue surrounding cutaneous

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Masato Ueda, Abnormality of the molecules regulating the cell cycle has been shown to lead cells to transformation. Recently, overexpression of cyclin D protein, one of the G1 cyclins, and the abnormality of the retinoblastoma gene have been found in various human cancers. We analyzed the expression of cyclin D, retinoblastoma gene product (pRB) and p53 in actinic keratoses (AKs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) by immunohistochemistry to elucidate the role of these molecules in keratinocyte carcinogenesis. In the normal epidermis, a few cyclin D positive cells were seen mainly at die basal layer. In 11 seborrheic keratoses, no overexpression of cyclin D was observed. Twelve of 26 AKs (4.5%) and 27 of 45 SCCs (60%) showed cyclin D overexpression. A few pRB positive cells were seen in the basal layer and in the supra‐basal spinous layer of the normal epidermis. An abnormality of pRB, loss of expression, was seen in 2 of 26 AKs (8%) and 7 of 45 SCCs (16%). p53 protein was positive in 12 of 26 AKs (46%) and 24 of 45 SCCs (53%). Forty‐five SCCs examined were divided into 22 ultraviolet (UV)‐related SCCs and 23 UV‐unrelated SCCs. Though UV‐related SCCs showed a significantly higher incidence of p53 positivity, as previously reported by us, no significant difference in cyclin D overexpression and loss of the pRB expression was observed between UV‐related and UV‐unrelated SCCs. These results suggest that cyclin D overexpression is frequently involved in keratinocyte carcinogenesis and that this is an early event, as well as p53 abnormality. In addition, abnormality of the retinoblastoma gene is also related to epidermal cell carcinogenesis, though die frequency is r

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent cell biologic studies have emphasized the importance of the basement membrane (BM) and its molecular components in angiogenesis. We immunostained 60 angioproliferative lesions (angiosarcoma, sclerosing hemangioma of skin, pyogenic granuloma, capillary hemangioma, lymphangioma, glomangioma and granulation tissue) and 23 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) for the major macromolecular components laminin, collagen type IV, fibronectin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). Normal structures served as aggregate controls in each group, and semiquantitative scoring reflected the degree of consistency of staining about blood and lymphatic endothelium and vascular sheath (pericyte/smooth muscle) within and peripheral to each lesion. Benign and reactive vasoproliferations consistently maintained immunoreactivity for each BM component around endothelium and sheath components of blood vessels. Angiosarcoma showed from 20 to more than 60% less consistent immunoreactivity by comparison, although the score variances were greater than for non‐malignant lesions. Staining about blood vessel endothelium was both strong and consistent among histologic stages in KS with the exception of HSPG, which was weakly immunoreactive in all stages. Marked selective HSPG loss was characteristic only of KS and normal lymphendothelium, and in the light of evidence for a role for HSPG in the assembly and maintenance of BM, suggests that reduced HSPG may be responsible for the loss of ultrastructural integrity of perivascular BM in bot

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Syringomas may be at least partially under estrogen and/or progesterone influence, as they are more common in women and are known to proliferate at puberty. During pregnancy and the premenstrual period an increase in tumor size has also been described. We examined nine syringomas using immunohistochemical markers for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors. Scattered tumor cells displaying nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for ER were noted in one of the nine cases. Intense nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for PR was noted in most (>80%) of the neoplastic cells in 8/9 syringoma cases. Current immunohistochemical evidence supports the theory that syringomas are under hormonal control.

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective two‐month epidemiologic and histologic study of all melanocytic nevi biopsied (n = 434) at the University of Oklahoma Health Center was undertaken. Melanocytic nevi with papillomatous features (PAP) (n=50) were found to occur predominantly in females (females = 44, males = 6; p<0.01 adjusted for sex distribution of all melanocytic nevi). Immunohistochemical analysis of melanocytic nevi revealed concordance between PAP and intracytoplasmic nevocellular staining for estrogen‐inducible pS2 protein. Melanocytic nevi without papillomatous features failed to stain for pS2 protein. These results suggest a hormone responsivness exclusive of patient sex which may influence the pathogenesis of these distinctive melanocytic n

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Neurotropic melanoma has generally been described in the context of desmoplastic melanoma. The vast majority of melanomas displaying neurotropism contain relatively little or no melanin. Herein, we report an unusual case of neurotropic melanoma with prominent melanin content. The patient developed a tumor notable For pagetoid (superficial spreading) melanoma with partial regression and a deep component characterized by perineurial aggregates of melanophages and intraneural infiltration by melanoma cells. This case serves to alert dermatopathologists to the fact that the spectrum of neurotropic melanoma includes tumors with perineurial aggregates of pigment‐containing cell

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1995.tb00762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY