摘要:

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Committee on Resource Letters; supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics, intended to guide college physicists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help them improve course contents in specified fields of physics. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments and suggestions concerning the content and arrangement of letters as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Joel Gordon, Chairman, Resource Letter Committee, Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, MassachusettsNotation:The letterEafter an item number indicateselementarylevel, useful principally for high school and introductory college use; the letterIindicatesintermediate(junior, senior) level; and the letterAindicates advanced material, principally suited for senior, graduate study. An asterisk (*) indicates items particularly recommended for introductory study.Additional copies:Available from American Institute of Physics, 335 East 45 Street, New York, New York 10017. When ordering, request Resource Letter XR-1 and enclose a stamped return envelope.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975424

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The so-called phase equation is established in a general way for one-dimensional, linear second-order differential equations and for 2×2-linear differential systems. Systematic derivations give phase equations for particular quantum mechanical problems. New results are obtained using elementary mathematical tools, and some problems particularly well adapted for the phase method are suggested.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975426

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Transformation properties of the phase shift and the scattering length corresponding to a change in the scale of length for the central potentialV(r)are established. They are compared with the equivalent relations for the discrete spectrum ofV(r). Corresponding variational relations emphasize the strong correlation between the strength and the range of the potential. Using dimensional analysis, one can predict the dependence on the scattering coefficients of the strength or the cutoff parameters in the potential.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975428

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Although Maxwell was directly involved in teaching and writing a textbook on heat theory he did not actively engage in research in this area until after he had read Gibbs' papers on thermodynamics. The stimulus of Gibbs's first two papers on the thermodynamics of homogeneous substances was such that Maxwell went beyond Gibbs and developed his own ideas on heterogeneous substances. These concepts remained unpublished, probably because they were included in Gibbs's thermodynamics later. Maxwell developed the concept that Gibbs subsequently called the potential. He also realized the importance of Gibbs's work for chemistry as well as for physics and proceeded, privately and in public to make Gibbs's work better known. Not only did he work in thermodynamics but he also stimulated colleagues at Cambridge to start research in this area, several years before Gibbs was “discovered” by Ostwald.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975430

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The usual least-squares procedure includes the assumption that the independent variables are absolutely error free. This assumption is invalid for most physical problems and can be removed. The resulting set of equations is given in a form suitable for computer solution, and advantages in using the correct method are discussed briefly.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975432

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The Bragg diffraction of electrons off of a standing electromagnetic wave, first predicted by Kapitza and Dirac, is discussed. The original derivation of Kapitza and Dirac is reviewed. This is followed by a more general derivation, which uses quantum mechanical, Born approximation, scattering theory. A review of the recent experiment results is given. Because the Kapitza-Dirac effect reverses the usual roles of “particles” and “waves” in Bragg diffraction, the discussion emphasizes the physical insight that this phenomenon gives into light and the particle-wave duality of quantum mechanics.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975434

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The horizontal displacement of an object can be determined by multiply integrating the outputs of two ideal accelerometers mounted on a pendulum on the object. The result is independent of the time history of the displacement or tilts. It is also independent of the damping and natural period of the pendulum, provided that the integration extends from before the displacement occurs until after the pendulum comes to rest.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975436

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A previous discussion of the fractions of current associated with the various kinds of charge carriers in steady-state low-current gas discharges has been extended to plane-parallel low-current density transient discharges in uniformly irradiated ionization chambers, Townsend discharges, and electron drift tubes with attachment.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975438

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The problem of making the space-time measurements that constitute an arbitrary reference frame is discussed within the framework of special relativity. An operational approach to such measurements is presented that does not require any special assumptions concerning the behavior of clocks and measuring rods but rather makes use of simple systems, material particles, and light signals to construct models of such measuring devices. With the help of a collection of free particles (which can be characterized operationally) and light signals we show how to construct inertial frames and how the usual kinematic results of special relativity can be obtained from a knowledge of the properties of these systems. Our main concern is with the properties of accelerated reference frames and we give an operational procedure for constructing a uniformly accelerated frame. With its help we show that the observed trajectory of a free particle in such a frame does not agree with the trajectory of a uniformly accelerated particle as observed in an inertial frame, except in a sufficiently small region of space-time. Finally we show that measurements made in an accelerated reference frame correspond in all respects to measurements made by a stationary observer in what is usually called a static homogeneous gravitational field.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975440

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

It is contended that Sir John Leslie provided both a theoretical discussion and a limited experimental confirmation of Ohm's Law in a paper written in 1791 and published in 1824, three years prior to Ohm's presentation inDie galvanische Kette mathematische bearbeitet.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.1975442

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1969

数据来源: AIP