摘要:

The frequency with which British ministers are transferred between departments incurs considerable adverse comment. It is generally held to have a prejudicial effect upon government. However, much of the criticism is misdirected and predicated upon questionable assumptions. There are cogent (if rarely voiced) arguments in favour of relatively rapid ministerial turnover. Within departments short‐stay ministers are in a stronger position than conventional wisdom allows. At the cabinet level they are less likely to adopt a narrow, departmentally oriented approach at the expense of wider considerations. The party management function of ministerial reshuffles, though much disparaged, plays an essential part in effective government, promoting ministerial vitality and assisting in the achievement of the legislative programme. The preponderance of career politicians in the House of Commons accentuates the pressures for rapid ministerial turnover, the need for which is, paradoxically, further increased by the same party being in office for a prolonged perio

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Deregulation of the port transport industry was predicted to bring much needed jobs and investment to Britain's ailing dockland areas, lower prices for port users and consumers, and improved international competitiveness. These benefits were anticipated to far exceed any attendant costs. But the benefits have failed to materialize, largely because the government failed to appreciate the non‐competitive structure of the industry or the effects of the National Dock Labour Scheme on the economic performance of the ports, while the costs were substantially underestimated. Consequently, the costs of deregulation have exceeded the benefits. As in the past, current industrial policy has been dictated by the apparent‘labour problems’of the docks, but the new system of deregulation, founded on the mass redundancy of exregistered dockers and a re‐assertion of managerial prerogative, has exacerbated rather than resolved the underlying structural weaknesses of the industry. In particular, deregulation has ushered in a new era of casual employment on the docks. Unless, or until, public policy addresses these problems the costs of deregulation will continue to acc

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Privatization has been one of the most important and controversial policy initiatives to emerge in the UK over the last decade. However, to date there has been little attempt to assess the impact of privatization on customers, despite the fact that much of the justification for the privatization of the public utilities was couched in terms of the benefits it would bring for customers. In the case of the water industry opportunities for competition are virtually non‐existent, and the ten regional water authorities were privatized with their monopoly position intact. Consequently customers’interests have been represented and protected through new regulatory arrangements operated by the Office of Water Services. The purpose of this article is to offer some provisional assessment of the effectiveness of these new regulatory arrangements. In doing so, the article regards the model of private sector consumer sovereignty as inappropriate given the continued absence of competitive arrangements for the representation of customers’interests against some of the criteria currently being discussed in the development of more consumer‐oriented approaches to the delivery of public s

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00843.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article critically evaluates the impact of European Community equal opportunities policies on behalf of women. It is argued that the European Commission, supported by the European Parliament, women's organizations and European Court rulings, has consciously sought to extend the scope of Community legislation and policies in this sector. The article highlights the various strategies used by the Commission in pursuit of this objective, including the cultivation by the Commission of a number of policy networks which are actively involved in the formulation and monitoring of EU equal opportunities policies. A central theme of the article is the growing opposition to further EC legislation in this sector among employers and some national governments. In this situation, the Commission has been forced to adopt alternative 'soft’policy instrument

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our contemporary perception of participation is rather narrow, limited as it is to types of direct and indirect political participation. It is in this narrow perspective that governments’major problems nowadays are analysed: demand overload and declining citizen participation. The major solutions are thus found in reform of politics and government. Little or no attention is given to the potential of the citizenry in providing public services, since their contribution is mainly voluntary by nature. In this article I argue that a different perception of citizenship may well lead to different solutions of governments’current problems. In its true meaning, participation encompasses more than just public endorsement of political proposals. A comparison of historical and contemporary citizen participation serves to highlight the true problem of our times: the lack of reciprocity between government and citi

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1995.tb00850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY