摘要:

The French governmental system comprises a mixture of central and local power. The Socialist Government came to power pledged to decentralization. This is being achieved through a series of laws. Yet separating central and local affairs has raised major problems. There are contradictions within the Socialists’ ideology with regard to decentralization and the implementation of the programme has been slowed down. The reform is likely to produce a redistribution of power within the system which is neither unambiguously centralist or decentralist but a mixture of the tw

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00519.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article is the result of some extensive and lengthy interviews with officers in local and health authorities in two London boroughs. It focuses on their attitudes to resource planning and inter‐authority collaboration in the provision of services for two priority groups — the elderly and the mentally handicapped. The interviews were undertaken in 1980, in the aftermath of the tighter financial climate that followed the 1979 election, and fieldwork continued until 1981. Officers’ views were tested against models of inter‐authority activity drawn from varied literatures. Most officers turned out to have drawn extremely pessimistic conclusions from their experiences. The bureaucratic politics paradigm predominated. Very few participants had come to terms with what planning could mean in a period of declining resources. Most still thought of planning as what to do with the increment and saw little point in planning if there were no increments. However, there were interesting differences between the perceptions of NHS staff and local authority officers, and between those in different kinds

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The National Ports Council, created in 1964 and abolished in 1982, was engaged in one of the rare sustained attempts at planning in Britain. This article explains the Council's decision not to carry out full‐scale planning because of the difficulties of collecting information, assessing technological and economic changes, and reconciling rational economic planning with short term political pressure

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In social theory as well as in common folklore, the childhood years have been recognized as critical for the development of the individual's personality, social attitudes, and cultural values. In most societies, the school stands with the family and peer groups as one of the most significant agents of political learning. In Japan, school influence is much greater than the other two factors because of the educational system. The myths and legends of the past, the policies and programs of the present, and the goals and aspirations of the future are taught selectively. Consciously or not, textbooks justify and rationalize the political practices.

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1983.tb00528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY