摘要:

This article examines the administration of Britain's overseas arms trade through a consideration of the role of the main government departments concerned with its control and regulation ‐ the Department of Trade and Industry, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Ministry of Defence. Additionally it examines the activities of ‘arms‐length’ public agencies such as the Defence Export Services Organisation and International Military Services whose job it is to promote arms sales. It concludes that while the promotion function may (but does not have to) run counter to that of control, the latter is comprehensively and competently administered. If it fails ‐ and it has done so recently ‐ it is because of political intervention and not administrative s

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Whilst the drive towards public sector consumerism is intensifying, it is also evident that somewhat different ‘brands’ of consumerism are currently being marketed. This article develops a framework to assist in the disaggregation and understanding of the range of approaches to consumerism currently being pursued in the field of health and social care. Its principal elements concern the ideological origins of consumerism in this field; their purposes; and the forms through which consumer preference are expressed. This framework is applied to the Birmingham Community Care Special Action Project, a major developmental initiative which the authors have been studying. An important area for further investigation is the extent to which users and carers seek to exercise greater collective control over services as opposed to influencing the development of services more responsive to their individual ne

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Compulsory competitive tendering (CCT) has been an important instrument of Conservative government economic policy since 1979. Its effectiveness in generating cost‐effective services depends on competition to supply the service in question.The NHS domestic market is large and, prior to the introduction of CCT, promised to be profitable for contractors. Many contract cleaners with office cleaning experience entered. In the event the costs of entry were heavy, and the profit margins of established firms were reduced. When contracts have been awarded to firms, they tended to be to those with a track record. Many firms therefore withdrew; and the few that remained have profit margins in the NHS little different from those found elsewhere. Of more than by firms with a serious interest in entry, probably no more than a handful can have come out of the experience in net profit in the first seven years.The experience of CCT in the market for NHS domestic services has shown that a degree of competitioninthe market can be achieved, arguably because of the presence of direct service organizations. Competitionforthis market, on the other hand, can be limited by the high costs of entr

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article traces the development of pay determination in the British civil service over the last decade. It argues that after a period of instability, the pay system established at the end of the 1980s embraced rather than reconciled two competing traditions of pay determination; one based upon the importance of traditional compatibility criteria and the other stressing flexibility to meet managerial needs. As a consequence of the difficulties which emerged under these new arrangements, neither the unions nor the government have fully achieved their pay objectives. While the creation of executive agencies may herald a more fundamental change in pay determination based upon devolved structures and systems, the nature and extent of this change still depends upon resolution of the tension between competing central government concerns to retain financial control and allow agencies to adapt to meet local needs and circumstances.

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based largely on in‐depth interviews with the majority of women local councillors in Northern Ireland, this article addresses two substantive issues: the reasons for the numerical underrepresentation of women and the issue of gender difference. The authors illustrate and explore these questions within the context of both the councillors’ own responses and that supplied by a concurrent survey of the general population. While the councillors and the general population favour the increased representation of women in public office, evidence of a gender cleavage ‐ while present ‐ is perceived to be more potential than actual, given the dominance of the mutually reinforcing cleavages of nationality and religion.This research was financed primarily by a grant from the Nuffield Foundation and secondarily by one from the Lockheed Foundation, administered by Queen's University, Belfast. The results cited from the wider probability survey are derived from an ESRC‐funded project (‘The Political Participation, Interests and Attitudes of Women in Northern Ireland’ ‐ R0O0 23 2726) currently being undertaken by the authors.The authors benefitted from the comments of members of the ‘Gender and Power’ workshop at the 1992 session of the European Consortium for Political Research held at the University of herick, at which an earlier version of the paper was first presented, and from the comme

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The 1989 White Paper ‘Working for Patients’ continued the process begun by Griffiths of managerial reform and the introduction of private sector concepts into the NHS. One of the new proposals was to change the composition and constitution of health authorities, both to avoid the assumed weaknesses of the existing format and to emulate the pattern found in the private sector.The essence of the change was the removal of the representational elements on authorities, both of medical professionals and nominees from the local authority. The health authorities were reduced in size to just eleven members and for the first time executives were included. Previous attempts at reform within the NHS have been judged to have resulted in more continuity than change. This article examines in detail who the new members are and assesses the balance between continuity and change.Despite a high level of continuity of membership, there are signs of more fundamental change. There is a significant increase in the proportion of non‐executive members from the private sector and with the inclusion of executives, a stronger managerial role is emerging. The article concludes by assessing what the implications of these changes

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00979.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Government's Citizen's and Patient's Charters see the Health Service Commissioner scheme playing an important part in securing effective remedies for complaints about administration in the NHS. The scheme is assessed against the background of the fragmented nature of the NHS complaints systems. Because of jurisdictional limitations the Commissioner can only deal with a small proportion of NHS complaints. An analysis of HSC cases between 1986 and 1991 shows that it is those about complaint‐handling itself which have been most frequently upheld. The most frequent remedy achieved is an HSC‐delivered apology, which is not always found satisfactory, but the HSC places equal emphasis on providing a ‘quality audit’ and feedback mechanism for health authorities. If the HSC is to play the role implied by the charters, it will be necessary to consider removing the limitations on his jurisdiction which exclude clinical Judgement and the work of family practi

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00980.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00981.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00982.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article traces the evolution of local government structures in South Africa, known as Regional Service Councils (RSCs), which were created in 1985. The first section traces the history of local government in the country and how apartheid led to separate structures for different racial groups. This is followed by an account of why the National Party (NP) created RSCs, which were neo‐apartheid structures, incorporating certain features of metropolitan government. The major features of Rscs are discussed and analysed. The operation of the Rscs around the country is assessed. The final section of the article looks at moves towards non‐racial local government structures in the light of broader political developments in the country. The future of RSCs as well as metropolitan government generally is discus

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1993.tb00983.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY