摘要:

The nutritional efficacy and hepatic changes in rats given a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution consisting of 4.25% amino acids and 25% dextrose by intragastric, intravenous, or prehepatic routes were studied over a 4‐day period. Rats fed Purina Chow or given intragastric TPN maintained body weight and showed no appreciable fatty change of liver. In contrast, weight loss, hepatomegaly, and a 37% increase in liver lipid content were observed in rats given intravenous TPN and a 60% increase after prehepatic TPN. Approximately half the rats given intravenous or prehepatic TPN developed fatty changes in the liver. Serum albumin concentration and hepatic protein content were not improved after prehepatic TPN. Serum SGOT and SGPT were elevated in rats given prehepatic TPN only. Prehepatic TPN may result in hepatic injury and offers no apparent benefit over conventional intravenous TPN in rats.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:443–446, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007005443

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718300700502

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Morbidly obese adults are at increased risk for perioperative thrombotic complications. Antithrombin III (AT III) is a major endogenous anticoagulant and its deficiency is associated with more frequent thrombotic diseases. We measured AT III quantity and function in 23 morbidly obese adults and in 19 otherwise identical people who had reduced their mean weight to 160% of ideal body weight. Both groups were compared to normal weight controls (<120% ideal body weight). Serum and plasma AT III function and serum AT III antigenic concentration were significantly lower in the morbidly obese people compared to the weight reduced group in all three assays. The reduced group had values within the normal range of the normal weight group. In addition, three patients studied both before and after weight loss had similar significant changes in their AT III. We conclude that AT III is reduced in morbidly obese adults and normalizes as weight is reduced. Possible mechanisms of this deficiency and therapeutic approaches are considered. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:447–449, 1983

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007005447

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Red cell and plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in nine healthy subjects, nine patients with advanced chronic renal failure, and before and after dialysis in eight patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Blood was obtained after an overnight fast except for postdialysis specimens. In red cells from the chronically uremic patients and in predialysis specimens, there was increased histidine, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, citrulline, taurine, and N'‐methylhistidine, and an increased glycine to serine ratio. Red cell valine, tyrosine, and the ratios of tyrosine to phenylalanine and valine to glycine were decreased in the two groups. Many amino acid levels that were abnormal in red cells were also abnormal in plasma. However, several amino acids were altered in only one of these compartments. Some red cell or plasma amino acid concentrations were abnormal in the uremic or hemodialysis patients but not in both. During hemodialysis, red cell amino acids did not decrease as markedly as did the plasma concentrations. These findings indicate that in chronically uremic and hemodialysis patients there is an abnormal amino acid pattern in both red cells and plasma. Although the altered amino acid patterns in these two compartments have similarities, they are not identical.(Journal of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition7:450–456, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007005450

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective study to evaluate the iron dosage needed to restore serum iron levels was performed on patients receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Intravenous iron intakes of 0, 25, 87.5, and 175 mg/wk were sequentially studied. No untoward responses were seen in 42 patients studied for 2758 patient days. When compared to pre‐TPN levels, serum iron levels increased significantly with increasing iron dosage (p<0.002). In every single patient at the two highest dosage levels, serum iron levels at 3 wk rose from the pre‐TPN level. Hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, transfusion requirement, total iron binding capacity, and red cell indices were not affected by iron dosage. There was no increased incidence of sepsis in patients who received increasing iron dosage. Both the 87.5 and 175 mg/wk iron doses increased serum iron levels from pre‐TPN values, but the highest dose increased serum iron levels above the normal range in 80% of patients after 3 wk of administration allowing us to recommend the 87.5 mg/wk dose. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:457–461, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007005457

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of various light conditions such as fluorescent light, and indirect and direct sunlight on the stability of the water‐soluble B vitamins in parenteral mixtures were studied. The levels of the B vitamins were determined by microbiologic assays and spectrophotometrically. Most of the B vitamins were found to be stable. However, indirect and direct sunlight destroyed 47 and 100%, respectively, of riboflavin‐5‐phosphate in eight hours. Direct sunlight destroyed 86% of pyridoxine HCl. There was no loss of folic acid in parenteral nutrition mixtures after storage for 7 wk. The microbiologic assays were found to be reliable to measure the levels of the B vitamins in parenteral nutrition solution. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:462–464, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007005462

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of a wide range of daily vitamin C intake (350–2250 mg, mean 975 mg) on the serum and urine vitamin C levels was studied in 20 adult hospitalized patients receiving total parenteral nutrition for a period greater than 15 days. Serum vitamin C levels increased with vitamin C administration, but remained within the normal range. Urine vitamin C levels were above normal during total parenteral nutrition in all but one patient. A positive vitamin C “balance” was achieved in all patients. The vitamin C intake positively correlated with the vitamin C urine concentration and vitamin C “balance.” Maximal vitamin C retention was 800 mg/day. It is concluded that administration of vitamin C in doses greater than 1000 mg/day is unjustified in those patients receiving total parenteral nutrition who are not hypermetabolic.(Journal of Parenteral Nutrition7:465–469, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007005465

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence of dumping symptoms during 1 wk of use of 5 g of guar gum or placebo in meals was examined in a double‐blind study in 11 patients, who had undergone gastric resection and were suffering from the dumping syndrome. The results show that guar gum prevented the dumping syndrome and increased tolerance to foods not previously tolerated in nine of the 11 patients.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:470–472, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007005470

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007005473

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007005479

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY