ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004281

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have previously reported that supplemental vitamin A ameliorates the stress response to a wide variety of noxious agents. The present study was carried out to determine how supplemental vitamin A influences the course of radiation sickness in C3H female mice subjected to 3000 R irradiation of one lower hind limb. All mice ingested a chow diet containing about 13,000 units of vitamin A/kg diet (about half as preformed vitamin A and half as β‐carotene) which supports normal growth, development, and reproduction of normal mice. One hundred fifty thousand units of vitamin A/kg chow was added for the vitamin A supplemented mice. All mice ate and drank ad libitum. The supplemental vitamin A feeding was begun either 3 days before radiation or immediately after radiation. There were no significant differences in the effects of these two regimens. The supplemental vitamin A prevented the weight loss, moderated the adrenal hypertrophy, prevented the thymic involution, and lessened the lymphopenia due to radiation. We conclude that supplemental vitamin A has both prophylactic and therapeutic benefits in radiation‐induced disease.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004288

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E, serum and erythrocyte folic acid, serum B12and erythrocyte enzyme activations (to assess vitamins Bi, B2 and B6 status) were measured at the start and finish of 39 courses of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The daily regimen was standard. Plasma vitamin A, E, and folate concentrations and vitamin B6status improved significantly during TPN. Three patients developed low levels of vitamin A and two patients developed high transketolase activations (B1depletion) during therapy. The adequacy of vitamin replacement and the monitoring of vitamin status during TPN is discussed.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004295

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The separate roles of malnutrition, advanced age, and stage of tumor growth as causes of impairment of delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR) was studied in 111 patients with solid tumors and in 56 nonneoplastic control patients matched for age, anatomical site of disease, degree of illness, and nutritional status. Pretreatment DHR to recall antigens (tuberculin, Candida, streptokinase‐streptodornase, trichophyton) and to dinitrochlorobenzene in cancer patients was 9% anergic, 43% hypoergic, and 48% normoergic; the distribution of DHR in controls was not significantly different.In cancer patients, the serum albumin level showed an inverse correlation with the stage of tumor (p<0.01) and a positive correlation with the DHR (p<0.001); the serum albumin level was also in the controls positively correlated with the DHR (p<0.01), indicating that malnutrition in neoplastic or benign disease may cause depression of DHR. In well‐nourished controls, age was inversely correlated with DHR (p<0.05), showing that aging itself may be another relevant cause of depression of DHR. The results of this study indicate that DHR in patients with solid tumors is similar to the DHR of nonneoplastic patients if matched for age, sex, and nutritional status. DHR impairment in cancer patients appears to be caused mainly by aging and by malnutrition due to the advanced progression of cancer.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004300

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In spite of the many anthropometric, biohumoral, and immunologic parameters employed in the nutritional assessment of hospitalized patients, it is difficult in clinical practice to evaluate accurately the degree and type of malnutrition and to assess the prognostic significance of this determination. The purpose of this study is to evaluate nutritional status of surgical patients by means of cluster analysis in order to identify different nutritional patterns and to evaluate their clinical and prognostic significance. Nutritional assessment of 71 surgical patients was carried out at admission, and the sets of data were evaluated by means of cluster analysis. Four clusters with different nutritional patterns were identified. The incidence of clinical variables (type of disease, postoperative sepsis, palliative procedures, mortality at 6 months, etc.) in each cluster was determined in order to evaluate their clinical and prognostic significance. Cluster 1 showed minor variations of the indicators, including most of the controls, presented the lowest incidence of sepsis, palliative procedures, and mortality at 6 months. It was then considered as a reference group representative of the normal nutritional condition at our institution. The other three clusters showed major variations of nutritional indicators and represent poorer risk clinical conditions. Sepsis, palliative procedures and mortality rate were significantly more frequent in these clusters (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.05). A different distribution in the clusters was recorded in gastrointestinal tract cancers and other neoplasms. Only the incidence of gastrointestinal tract cancers increases progressively in the clusters with poorer prognosis, suggesting that this type of neoplasia is more frequently associated with major changes of nutritional status.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004307

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Traumatized critically ill patients with either a moderate or severe catabolic response were studied. Patients were randomly allocated to receive an intravenous solution which was either protein‐free or contained protein and hypertonic glucose. The overall energy intake in both groups was equivalent to each patient's daily requirement. In both the moderately catabolic and severely catabolic patients the urinary nitrogen loss with the protein‐free solution was negatively correlated to the energy intake/energy need ratio (p<0.01, moderate catabolism; p<0.001, severe catabolism). The ratio of energy intake/energy need was correlated with the nitrogen loss. From the resultant straight line, the obligatory nitrogen loss was determined for those patients receiving the protein containing solution (test diet). The net protein utilization was subsequently calculated using this value of the obligatory nitrogen loss. The net protein utilization was inversely correlated with the severity of trauma. It was significantly (p<0.005) greater in the patients with a moderate catabolic response. In the acute postinjury phase, the net protein utilization of infused amino acids was similar to that for protein fed orally to normal healthy subjects.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004317

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred patients supported with enteral tube feeding were evaluated for biochemical abnormalities. The following metabolic complications were observed: hyperglycemia (29%), hypoglycermia (2%) hypernatremia (10%), hyponatremia (31%), hyperkalemia (40%) hypokalemia (8%), hyperphosphatemia (14%) hypophosphatemia (30%) hypomagnesemia (3%), hypozincemia (11%), and hypocupremia (3%). Because of the extensive range of biochemical problems, it is recommended that subjects on tube feeding be evaluated periodically for metabolic abnormalities.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004322

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004325

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A technique of permanent pacemaker insertion has been adapted to implantation of long‐term central venous cannulae. This new method allows large caliber cannula implantation while avoiding direct exposure of the vein to be cannulated.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004326

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A computer program which aids in the formulation and preparation of parenteral nutrition fluids for low birth weight infants is described. The program performs a number of calculations for fluid and specific nutrient requirements taking into account environmental conditions, potential renal solute load, deficits, and surpluses. Safety and precipitation checks are also included in the calculations. Its use has considerably reduced the workload on both physician and pharmacy personnel involved in the formulation and preparation of individualized parenteral nutrition solutions for low birth weight infants.A controlled study in 15 very low birth weight infants utilizing this program revealed a reduced incidence of hyperglycemia, decrease in fluctuations in serum sodium, a more physiologic urine osmolality, and a reduction of weight loss in the first days of life.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607181005004328

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY