ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004333

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forced feeding has been shown to effectively stimulate tumor metabolism in numerous animal models. Significant acceleration of tumor growth by exogenous nutrient administration is generally considered to be detrimental to the host. The present study was performed to determine if substrate‐induced alterations in tumor metabolism could be exploited to enhance tumor response to cycle‐specific chemotherapy. Following subcutaneous mammary tumor implantation (AC‐33) and protein depletion, 39 female Lewis/Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four nutritional regimens for 48 hr: (1) protein‐depleted food (0.03% protein) ad libitum po, (2) parenteral carbohydrate (18.6% dextrose), (3) parenteral amino acids (2.8% amino acids), or (4) total parenteral nutrition (18.6% dextrose/2.8% amino acids). Methotrexate (5 mg/kg im) was administered to all animals 2 hr after initiating these nutritional regimens. Tumor volume and host toxicity were monitored throughout the study. At sacrifice, significant reduction in tumor volume was observed in animals receiving parenteral amino acids (0.37 ± 0.24 cm3) and total parenteral nutrition (0.25 ± 0.18 cm3) compared to the group receiving protein‐depleted food po (0.70 ± 0.22 cm3) (p<0.01). In this animal model, the parenteral administration of amino acids with or without the addition of hypertonic dextrose was found to effectively potentiate tumor response to methotrexate without increasing host toxicity. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:337–345, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004337

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ten patients with histologically proven cirrhosis, admitted in grade I to III acute hepatic coma, received in addition to a standard dietary protein free “anticoma” regime, a continuous nasogastric infusion of a branched‐chain amino acid enriched chemically defined enteral diet (Hepaticaid) containing an equivalent of 70 g protein/day for a mean of 7.3 days (range 3–23). No complications of therapy were observed and, specifically, the use of fine bore tubes did not provoke variceal hemorrhage. Overall positive nitrogen balance (4.3 ± 1.7 g N/ day) was observed in patients fed 7 or more days. Improvement to coma grade 0 was seen in all patients save one, who died from hepatorenal failure. While serum ammonia levels remained elevated during the study period, there was a significant increase in the branched‐chain/aromatic ratio (p<0.01) as plasma branched‐chain amino acids rose (p<0.05) and tryosine levels fell (p<0.05).(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:346–350, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004346

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to test the hypothesis that elemental diets protect the intestinal mucosa against 5‐fluorouracil toxicity, we have estimated water absorption, cytoplasmic peptide hydrolase activities, and mucosal DNA contents in isolated intestines from rats fed on one of three elemental diets or a standard diet and injected with 5‐fluorouracil. Water absorption rates were significantly increased when rats, not injected with 5‐fluorouracil, were fed on Flexical or Vivonex‐HN. However, water absorption was severely impaired 3 days after administration of 5‐fluorouracil and none of the elemental diets alleviated this impairment of absorption. Cytoplasmic peptide hydrolase activities and mucosal DNA contents were also severely decreased after 5‐fluorouracil injection, the changes observed being independent of the diet. Also, none of the elemental diets reduced the body weight losses observed after 5‐fluorouracil administration. Although the effects of the sodium salt of 5‐fluorouracil on body weight and food intakes were much less severe than those of the Tris salt the two salts had identical effects on intestinal absorption even when an elemental diet was used. Although there was a smaller incidence of diarrhea after 5‐fluorouracil administration when the rats had been fed on one of the elemental diets, diet B, the results do not support the suggestion that elemental diets might reduce the intestinal toxicity of 5‐fluorouracil. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:351–357, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004351

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Due to calcium and phosphorus solubility problems in parenteral nutrition solutions, it is difficult to provide the premature infant with enough of these two minerals for adequate bone mineralization. In order to determine the maximum amounts of both Ca and P soluble in neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions, we employed the following procedure: (1) using concentrations of dextrose 10 to 25% and amino acid 0.5 to 4.0% with standard electrolyte and vitamin concentrations, Ca and P additions were sequentially made to determine the critical concentrations at which precipitates formed; (2) the pH of each test solution was determined; (3) all test solutions were incubated for 30 hr at room temperature; (4) following incubation, all tests were visually observed for calcium‐phosphate crystals; (5) the solutions not obviously precipitated were filtered using black Millipore filters to determine the presence of any microprecipitates. Multiple graphs of Ca and P solubility in various dextrose/amino acid solutions were prepared from data generated by the study. The Ca and P interaction is primarily pH sensitive. Factors affecting the solution pH include both dextrose and amino acid concentrations. Our study showed that increases in amino acid concentrations enabled us to increase both Ca and P in the solutions. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:358–360, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004358

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An important factor in the etiology of anorexia in cancer may be a change in the sensation of taste. Taste thresholds for the four basic tastes were measured in 50 cancer patients and 50 control subjects. Cancer patients had a higher mean threshold for recognition of sweet (126 mmol/1 sucrose), and a lower mean threshold for bitter (620 mmol/1 urea), compared to the controls (86 mmol/1 sucrose,p= 0.027, and 728 mmol/1 urea,p= 0.002). There was no significant difference in the mean threshold for sour or salt. Eight commercial diets (Build‐up, Nutrauxil, Ensure, Clinifeed, Triosorbon, Complan, Isocal, Vivonex) were given to each of the cancer patients and control subjects in order to investigate any possible difference in preference.Scores were often improved by the addition of tasting agents such as Nesquick. Scores for each feed were similar for control and cancer patients apart from Nutrauxil, Ensure and Isocal, which appeared to be preferred by cancer patients. Too much emphasis is often placed upon the contents of formulated diets and too little upon taste and patient acceptability.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:361–363, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004361

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seven related studies were done to estimate the type and amount of contamination that occurred in nutrient feeding solution when administered according to procedure in a community hospital. The initial study was done in a simulated nonclinical setting with select technicians monitoring for gavage systems delivering a commercially prepared nutrient feeding solution. The solution remained sterile over 48 hr. In the second study, various nurses maintained the enteral feeding simulations unaware of the objective of study. Significant contamination was found, but a decrease occurred when the study was duplicated and the nurses were made aware that contamination was the issue being studied. The subsequent study had all gavage equipment in clinical use in the hospital on a given day cultured for microbial contamination. Significant contamination was present and did not decrease when the study was duplicated following inservice training. Suggestions for standards of care are made. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:364–368, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004364

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Amino acid substance concentrations in plasma have been measured during total and partial parenteral nutrition with Vamin in 12 seriously ill newborn infants. When plasma amino acid concentrations were compared to the levels in reference infants, 11 of 21 were low, among the 11 were seven essential amino acids (Arg, Cys, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr, Tyr), while concentrations above the reference median and range occurred for seven amino acids. For three (Asp, Glu, Phe) levels were exceptionally high. From these findings, from studies by others on amino acid levels during parenteral nutrition with Vamin, and from amino acid needs judged from venous‐arterial differences in newborns, an amino acid preparation for parenteral administration to newborn infants is suggested. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition(7:369–373, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004369

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty patients undergoing feeding stoma operation over a 2½ yr period were managed by the nutritional support service. The policy of preoperative nutritional support of these generally ill and malnourished patients contributed to operative survival and discharge from the hospital for 23 patients; only one death 21 days postoperatively was directly attributable to the feeding stoma procedure. Nonfatal complications of the surgery occurred in nine cases, and required reoperation in three instances. Early stoma use was the rule, and there were 10 documented cases of long‐term stoma use averaging 14 months. Three‐month survival of 19 patients (63%), and six‐month survival of 13 patients (43%) along with early discharge from the hospital for most patients attest to efficacy and ease of stoma use. An essential feature contributing to diminished postoperative problems was prestoma surgery nutritional support. Continuity of feeding stoma planning and patient care may be best achieved when a nutritional support service is involved through the entire course of management. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:374–377, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004374

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There exists a deficiency of accurate information regarding standard nutritional parameters in people of greatly advanced age. In order to begin obtaining appropriate data, we assessed nutritional status in 45 elderly homebound individuals with a mean age of 84 yr, using anthropometric methods, skin testing, and blood analysis. We compared our data with those from the HANES survey, a reasonable approach to the testing of new possible standards for nutritional assessment. Our results suggest that standard measures in common use are inappropriate for people of greatly advanced age. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition7:378–380, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/0148607183007004378

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY