摘要:

Oxidation of protein (OXP), carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) was investigated with 12 growing bulls treated withß‐agonist (L‐644, 969) during two 6 weeks trials (Section A and B) at a mean live weight of 195 and 335 kg. Heat production and nutrient oxidation was calculated from gas exchange, with CO2reduced for CO2from fermention processes, and nitrogen excretion in urine.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381888

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The change of body composition, energy content and energy and protein balance was studied in White Leghorn pullets from hatching to 140 days of age.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381889

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

2×6 pigs continuously housed in metabolic cages from 25–100 kg weight were fed N‐reduced diets based on barley, maize and soybean meal. Diet I (control) contained in FM (fresh matter) 0.56%, 0.48% and 0.46% P (feeding phases A: 25–50 kg, B: 50–75 kg, C: 75–100 kg weight) and 0.76%, 0.71% and 0.68% Ca. Diet II was low in P (0.46%, 0.40%, 0.32%) and Ca (0.69%, 0.62%, 0.52%) and 800 UAspergillus‐phytase per kg were added. Analyzed cadmium concentrations in diet I were 23.4, 19.9 and 13.7 μg/kg FM and 20.6, 14.9 and 12.7 μg/kg FM in diet II respectively. At 100 kg weight in both treatment groups low cadmium concentrations in liver (11.8 vs. 17.3 μg Cd/kg FM) and kidneys (59.6 vs. 102 (μg Cd/kg FM) were found. Contrary to findings for rats fed semisynthetic diets enriched with high CdCl2levels, phytase supplementation to the P‐ and Ca‐reduced pig diet with a low Cd concentration significantly enhanced liver and kidney cadmium accumulation. Differences in dietary Cd levels, the binding form of Cd in the diets and the duration of the experimental trials may partially explain the differences found between rats and pigs. Complex interactions between cadmium and various elements, especially calcium, might also have additionally influenced the carry over of cadmium in the present study. Irrespective of the dietary treatment, liver and kidney cadmium concentrations in both groups were considerably lower than maximal permitted values.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381890

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The influence of the live weight of the experimental animals on the Ni absorption was investigatedin vitrowith everted sacs from rats. Totally 75 male rats in the live weight range from 30 to 250 g were used. With increasing live weight the Ni uptake by the intestinal wall and the Ni transfer across the intestinal wall decreased significantly. Ni transfer was already significantly reduced by 45% when body weight increased from 30 to 60 g. For the animals with a live weight above 200 g Ni transfer reached only about 10% of the Ni transfer measured for the animals with 30 g live weight. The decline of the Ni uptake by the intestinal wall was only slightly in the live weight range from 30 to 150 g. Within the live weights higher than 190 g Ni uptake by the intestinal wall decreased significantly to about 25% compared to the animals with 30 g live weight.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381891

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The 6 week experiment was performed on growing Wistar male rats. In the third and the sixth weeks digestibility trials were performed. The following high fibre preparations were supplemented to the control diet (C): high methoxylated citrus pectin (Cr), apple pomace (A), potato fiber “Povex”; (P) and sugar beet pulp (B). Fibre supplementation, except Cr, significantly increased Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn Zn, Cu excretion in faeces and decreased their apparent absorption in both trials. Significant correlations (P ≤ 0.001) were found between crude, insoluble and total fibre intake and mineral excretion and apparent absorption. Apparent absorption of minerals increased from the third to the sixth week in group C and in group Cr, except Fe, while it decreased in groups P and B or showed tendency to decrease. In the sixth week the following differences (P ≤ 0.05) in apparent absorption were observed between diets, in descending order:

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381892

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Investigations with15N'‐labelled urea were carried out to find out the influence of the amount of fibre on the reflux of15N’ into the caecum to take part in the caecal metabolism. Two pelleted diets, containing 9.7% (group 1 with 23% oat hulls) and 2.2% (Group 2 without oat hulls) crude fibre, with urea with 60 atom%15N‐excess (15N) used as marker were given to three White New Zealand rabbits each group. Group 1 and 2 consumed 109 and 72 g fresh matter per rabbit and day, respectively. Daily15N'‐intake per rabbit was 307 mg in group 1 and 279 mg in group 2. Most of15N’ was eliminated directly via the urine. The daily faecal excretion in group 1 and 2 was 5.3 and 2.3 mg15N’, respectively. Only about 20 to 30% of15N’ and volatile fatty acids in the caecum and higher amounts of15N’ in muscles were found. The animals of this group consumed nearly the total amount of faeces by caecotrophy. Therefore 24 g of group 2 was still satisfying compared to 33 g live weight gain/rabbit and day of group 1. It is concluded that the animals of group 2 could compensate the low fibre level within a period of about 20 days by a more efficient utilization, the consumption of crude protein and starch being 18 and 12% lower than in group 1, respectively. Feed intake and health status were not evidently affected. The results are in contradiction to the common knowledge.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381893

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present investigation was designed to determine the vitamin B6concentration in liver and carcass of rat dams fed various dietary vitamin B6levels during gestation and lactation. Therefore, gravid female rats received 0.6, 3, 6, 18 or 180 mg vitamin B6per kg diet. After parturition each group was divided into 2 groups of 8 dams each, which received then a diet with 3, respectively 6 mg/kg vitamin B6during lactation. At the end of the experiment at day 14 of lactation weight gain and food consumption as well as liver and carcass weights did not differ within the groups. The present data clearly show that both in liver and carcass of lactating rats, there exists only a slight dose‐response‐relationship between the dietary vitamin B6intake and the vitamin B6concentration in body tissue. Moreover, liver reflects the various vitamin B6supplies during gestation and lactation somewhat better than carcass. The distribution of the vitamers did not differ among the groups and was therefore independent of the vitamin B6supply. The present findings, especially regarding the liver, elucidate, that an adequate vitamin B6supply during lactation can not compensate for a lack of vitamin B6during gestation and vice versa a high dose of vitamin B6during gestation did not completely protect against a suboptimal vitamin B6during lactation.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381894

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Crude protein degradability (CP deg), protein digestible in the intestine (PDI) and net energy of lactation (NEL) content of whole crop spring barley were estimated by means of thein situmethod using three steers fitted with rumen cannulas and fed near the maintenance level of nutrition. Barley was cut in five consecutive vegetative stages (end of the earing, S1, end of the flowering, S2, middle of the milky stage of the grain, S3, beginning of the dough stage, S4, middle of the dough stage, S5, including S5 silage).

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381895

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a feeding experiment 3×12 dairy cows (German Simmental × Red Holstein Friesian) were used to investigate the influence of different amounts of fodder beets on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. The fodder beets (variety Kyros) were fed in exchange for concentrate. The amounts of fodder beets were either 22 kg cow‐1d‐1or 44 kg cow‐1d‐1or zero (control group). All groups received 4 kg hay cow‐1d‐1, grass silage ad libitum, and concentrate corresponding to the milk yield. In order to balance the rations the concentrate was either rich in protein or rich in energy.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381896

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Different starch components were added to rations with maize silage measuring the influence of the supplements on the digestibility and energy content of maize silage in cattle (n = 36) and sheep (n = 36). The starch‐rich components maize, wheat, barley, oat, cassava meal and potatoe starch were added to the total rations on average of 33%. All supplements were ground (sieve of 2.5 mm), additionally, wheat was added in extruded or crushed form. All rations including the control ration without starch components were supplemented with soybean meal to an average crude protein content of 12.4% DM. The mean starch content of the total rations was 42% DM.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399609381897

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor