摘要:

Different extraction techniques were compared in uric acid analysis of avian excreta. These include five extraction reagents (0.1 M sodium hydroxide, 0.1 M glycine buffer, 0.068 m lithium carbonate, 0.136 M lithium carbonate and sodium borate buffer, pH 9.1). Each extraction reagent was used with four excreta sample weights (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg) for four extraction periods (10, 20, 30 and 40 min) in four extraction volumes (5, 10, 15 and 20 ml). Extraction with sodium hydroxide gave lower uric acid concentration; however, glycine buffer extraction gave uric acid concentration that was higher (P< 0.05) than extraction with lithium carbonate or sodium borate buffer. Uric acid concentration increased with increase in sample weight and decreased with decrease in reagent volume when extracted with glycine buffer. Filtration of sodium hydroxide and glycine buffer extract with 1‐kDa low‐binding regenerated‐cellulose membrane did not alter uric acid extraction efficiency from avian excreta. Regardless of length of extraction period or volume, the recovery of crystalline uric acid following extraction with lithium carbonate or sodium borate buffer was not different from 100% when 100 mg sample or less was extracted. The optimum extractions condition 25 were 100 mg sample in 10 ml and 50 to 200 mg sample in 15 ml 0.068 M lithium carbonate or sodium borate buffer for 10 min at 99 °C.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381789

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In three trials with a total of 4120 male and female broilers, kept on floor or in cages maize has been partly replaced by barley, rye or triticale and different combinations of enzymes were fed. The supplementation of cellulases with mainly glucanase in barley based diets has had no significant influence on growth performance. In case of diets with 20% rye the addition of cellulases with mainly hemicellulases resulted in 5% higher live weight gains and a better feed efficiency (5%)on average of two trials. The negative influence of rye feeding on excrement constitution was lowered and the dry matter content of excrements increased by 1.3%. In diets based on triticale the growth performance of broilers was insignificantly better.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381790

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fistulated bulls (duodenal bridge fistulas) received 10 rations containing 60% concentrate and combinations of carbohydrates from various sources to investigate the protein and amino acid flux in the digestive tract. With a constant crude protein concentration of 12–13% in the rations (adjusted by adding urea), an average of 85 ± 8% of the crude protein ingested with the feed were found in the duodenum. The highest values were measured for rations containing wheat/dried sugar beet chips (97% and 67% resp.). The mean percentage of bacterial crude protein in the corrected total protein found in the duodenum was 69 ± 11%. This fraction accounted for 53% and 51% respectively for the rations containing maize or fodder beet and increased to above 70% with the rations containing dried sugar beet chips. The amounts of lysine, threo‐nine, methionine and glycine found in the duodenum were always higher than in the feed. The highest synthesis rates were found in animals receiving rations containing fodder beet or dried sugar beet chips, and the lowest was measured for dried sugar beet pulp. Glutamic acid was slight, and no histidine synthesis was detected. The concentration of the amino acids per kg dry matter digesta was similar for the individualamino acids. Crude bacterial protein productions was relatively low (80 to 113 g bacterial crude protein per kg digestible organic matter), but correlated with ration composition.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381791

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Each of ten rations containing 60% feed concentrate were tested on two bulls which were a fistulated at the duodenum. The carbohydrate contents varied considerably. Carbohydrate digestion in the forestomach was estimated by the detergent and Anthron methods and by quantitative gas Chromatographie analysis for carbohydrate monomers. Apparent starch digestibility for starch‐rich rations varied between 97.8 and 99%. Between 60 and 144g of starch was found at the duodenum/animal.d in the case of the cereal‐containing rations, the highest values being found for the one containing maize. The apparent digestibility of sugar was about 99%. The amount of sugar found at the duodenum varied between 16 and 67g animal.d. Analysis by gas chromatography revealed that the feeds yielded less hemicelluloses than calculated from the difference NDF ‐ ADF. The only other sugars found in appreciable amounts at the duodenum were arabinose and xylose.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381792

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a serie of 8 concentrates, 18 roughages and 13 wet feedstuff's the interactions between different dietary fibre fractions were studied. In comparison to other analytical methods the crude fibre method (XF) did not allow a satisfactory estimation of the dietary fibre content (DF) of the experimental feedstuffs. In comparison to the NDF and the dietary fibre content and depending on the feedstuff, XF content was lowered by 2 to 3 times and 2 to 4 times, respectively. There was a surprisingly high correspondence between the contents of NDF and unsoluble dietary fibre for almost all feedstuffs.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381793

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Wheat straw (WS) and triticale straw (TS) were treated with 2‐ an 4%‐NaOH and/or 300‐ and 600‐kGy radiation doses (accelerated electrons) for improvement of the nutritional value of these feeds. Beside the chemical composition of straws, the nylon bag rumen disappearance of dry matter and crude fibre was estimated. NaOH did not influence the chemical composition of straws, while irradiation significantly reduced the level of crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) proportionally to the dose. The level of nitrogen free extractives (NFE) and alfa‐linked glucose polymers pronouncly increased in the radiated straws. NaOH treatment arised potential rumen degradability of DM and irradiation did so in the case of potential as well as effective degradability. It was not able to prove the summerized influence of both treatments on DM and CF rumen degradability of the straws. The dynamics of the rumen disappearance of DM was different in the straws.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381794

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Enzyme preparations, inoculants, molasses, sodium formate, urea as well as combinations thereof were tested for their efficiency in the ensiling of lucerne(Medicago varia).The experiments were carried out both on fresh plant material (180 g dry matter (DM)/kg) and wilted material obtained after graded times of wilting (28, 52 and 76 hours). Dry matter contents varied between 360 and 710 g/kg. Differentiated dry matter contents of this order are normal when lucerne is ensiled in plastic‐wrapped big bales with varying periods of exposure in the field depending on the operational performance. The experiments were launched to test a large number of biological silage additives for their suitability as quality promoters in this conservation technique.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381795

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ernährung monogastricher Nutztiere, herausgegeben von Winfried Wiesemüller und Josef Leibetseder, erschienen im Gustav‐Fischer‐Verlag Jena, Stuttgart 1993, 308 Seiten, 39 Abbildungen und 166 Tabellen, Leineneinband, Format 17 × 24 cm, Preis: 128,‐ DM, ISBN 3–334–60428–4

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381796

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381788

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor