ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381754

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The chemical composition and the energy content of the conception products, the reproductive organs and the live weight gains or losses of pregnant and lactating sows were determined in dependence on the litter number (1, 2 and 4) and the energy supply (120, 100 and 80% of requirement recommendation) of sows as well as on the course of gestation and lactation. The results will be used as a basis for factorial derivation of requirement recommendation. The deposition of protein and energy in the conception products in dependence on the time is characterized by an exponential function. The deposition of nutrients and energy in the conception products is increased with rising litter size. The deposition of nutrients and energy per fetus is lower in the litter number 1 than in the litter number 2 and 4. The energy supply in the selected limits has no significant influence on the litter size as well as on the intrauterine deposition of nutrients and energy. The litter number, the energy supply as well as the course of gestation and lactation influence considerably the weight, the chemical composition and the energy content in the mammary gland. The chemical composition and the energy content of the live weight gains or losses of pregnant and lactating sows are strong affected by the energy supply. The increased energy supply of the pregnant sows is connected with increased live weight gains and with increased contents of dry matter, fat and energy however decreased contents of protein in the live weight gains. The live weight losses of the lactating sows are connected with mobilisation of body fat and body protein. The proportion of body fat to body protein degradation is increased with increased losses of body weight. Regression equations are calculated for the relationships between course of gestation and lactation respectively and deposition of protein and energy in the conception products, reproductive organs and maternal live weight gains or losses of sows.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381755

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The in vivo digestibility and the rates of degradation and passage of alfalfa hay (AH) and vetch straw (VS) were compared in three Granadina goats and three Segureña wethers fed at approximately maintenance level, using a change over design. The nylon bag technique was used to estimate the fractional rate of degradation of the feeds in the rumen. The fractional outflow rate of hay and straw particles was determined with chromium as a marker. No significant differences in the digestibility coefficients of nutrients between animal species were found. Nitrogen retention expressed as coefficients of both nitrogen intake and digested nitrogen was lower (P < 0.01) in goats than in sheep when VS was offered. There was no significant difference betwen goats and sheep in the effective degradability (measured at outflow rates in the range of 0.027 to 0.032 h−1) of dry matter (DM) for either forage. However, the effective degradabilities of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) of VS were lower (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively), in goats than in sheep. The degradation rates of DM, NDF and CP were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between goats and sheep. Also, the fractional rate of passage of particles from the rumen was not different (P = 0.056) between species, although there was a tendency for an increased outflow rate in goats.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381756

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Observations were carried out on volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, enzyme activities and the microflora of the rumen contents in heifers during transition from winter to pasture feeding and in the subsequent gazing cycles. After turn‐out to pasture, total VFA concentrations in the rumen contents of heifers significantly decreased from 107.7 to 88.7 mmol.l−1(P < 0.01). After subsequent increase the total VFA concentrations reached their highest value (117.0 mmol.l−1) in the 8th week of grazing. The proportion of the molar acetic acid concentration in the rumen content increased insignificantly whereas that of propionic acid decreased insignificantly. In the molar proportion of butyric acid no significant differences could be stated. In the subsequent weeks the molar proportions of acetic acid were rather balanced and ranged within 66.2 and 68.0 mol%; the molar proportion of propionic acid insignificantly increased in the 4th week (18.7 mol%). Molar proportions of butyric acid on pasture insignificantly increased in week 3 (15.2 mol%) and appeared as balanced, later acquiring values between 14.0 and 14.8 mol%. The energetic yield of VFA production in the rumen of heifers decreased insignificantly from 73.6 to 72.15; the acetate: propionate ratio revealed an insignigicant increase from 3.66 to 4.18.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381757

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The energy metabolism was measured by means of indirect calorimetry in growing bulls with mean live weights of 290–420 kg and in wethers with mean live weights of 40–60 kg. The animals were fed 12 (bulls) and 8 rations (wethers) with high variation in the nutrients composition and with a range of energy metabolizability (q) between 0.74 and 0.47 on 3 steps of nutrition level (deposition, maintenance, underfeeding) as a rule.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381758

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In growing bulls (290–420 kg LW) and wethers (40–60 kg LW) the energy metabolism was measured by means of indirect calorimetry on 3 steps of energy intake (deposition, maintenance, underfeeding) as a rule with feeding 12 (growing bulls) resp. 8 rations (wethers) with a range of energy metabolizability (q) between 0.74 and 0.47.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381759

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The use of beet for beef production after ensiling together with maize was studied in two experiments involving 112 and 114 White‐blue bulls. In the first experiment maize silage (I) was compared with mixed silage of maize and fodder beet (II) or sugar beet (III) (ratio: 2/1, DM‐basis). In the second experiment maize silage (I) was compared with mixed silage of 0.67 maize and 0.33 sugar beet (II) or maize silage and fresh sugar beet (ratio: 2/1, DM basis) (III) or fresh sugar beet and potatoes afterwards at 4 % of the live weight and maize silage (IV). From day 113 onwards, mixed silage was also fed to group III and sugar beet were replaced by raw potatoes in group IV. The basic diet was always supplemented with concentrate at 0.75 % of the live weight.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381760

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Effect of dietary rapeseed oil from 00‐varieties of rapeseed (0, 1.5% or 3% respectively in the wet compounded diets) on plasma thyroxine (T4), reproductive performance and kit weight gain during lactation was investigated with 3 groups of each 20 mink females. Plasma T4, which has not previously been reported for female mink, was significantly lower in lactating than in non‐pregnant females. Unlike in an earlier experiment with growing male mink, it was not affected by dietary rapeseed oil. Reproductive performance, female weight development, feed consumption, and kit weight gain was normal in all treatment groups and there were no significant effects of the experimental treatment.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381761

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two feeding trials were performed on rainbow trout of mean initial weights of 40 and 50 g and lasting for 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. In trial 1, diets contained per kg 300 g fish meal and varying proportions of gelatinized maize starch plus either casein or hydrolyzed feather meal. Dietary crude protein content varied from about 27 to about 53%. In trial 2, all diets had about 45% crude protein. Fish meal (300 g/kg) was replaced in 3 steps by hydrolyzed feather meal either without or with supplementation of L‐ lysine‐HC1 and/or DL‐methionine.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381762

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Diets were computed to contain equal concentrations of digestible crude protein either of wheat gluten (diet 1) or of grieves (diets 2–8). Per kg dry diet, 41 g crystalline amino acids were supplemented. All diets contained at least 1.2 g Lys per MJ digestible energy (DE). In diet 2, ratios of Met + Cys, Trp, Leu, Ile and Phe to Lys were about equal to those in diet 1. In each of diets 3–7, one of the respective amino acids, in diet 8 all five were replaced by Glu in the supplemented mixture of amino acids.

ISSN:0003-942X    

DOI:10.1080/17450399409381763

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor