ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753412

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Male bullfrogs vocalize while partially submerged in shallow freshwater ponds. This imposes two potential propagation pathways, atmospheric and underwater, on transmission of their communication sounds. Propagation of pure tones, amplitude modulated (AM) broadband noise and natural calls was measured in air and underwater at three bullfrog breeding sites. In air, propagation losses were consistent with spherical spreading. No excess attenuation was observed for any tone frequency at any site. Both temporal envelope modulations and spectral cues are available to conspecific receivers at biologically realistic distances. The bullfrog's advertisement call is thus well adapted for transmission in air at the air/water interface. Underwater signal propagation differed at the three sites, consistent with substrate effects. Tone propagation showed the high-pass frequency window characteristic of shallow water. Broadband signals underwent propagation losses greater than expected by cylindrical spreading. Modulations of the envelope of natural calls remained discernible at distances where frequency-dependent propagation losses distorted the shape of the spectrum. Measurements of the propagation of the advertisement call emitted by a chorusing frog at the air/water interface confirm that periodicity cues embedded in the envelope are available to receivers both in air and underwater. High frequency cues available underwater overlap the maximal hearing sensitivity of larval conspecifics (tadpoles).

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753404

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The songs of 175 yellowhammerEmberiza citrinellamales were recorded in an area of 10 km2in 1977–1981, 1983 and 1996. Each male had a repertoire of 1–3 song types (mean: 2.1), being categorized mainly by the first part of the song, which is a repetition of a sound pattern (the a-element). Comparisons of population repertoires of a-elements between years showed that a-elements had an annual survival rate of about 95%.

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753405

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is the first reported study of corixid water bugs examining whether all species of a genus in one locality can be distinguished by their sounds. More extensive analysis than has been reported for any corixids revealed that, although some species are difficult to distinguish morphologically, inter-species sound differences are very clear.

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753406

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753407

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two Q factors are in common use in bioacoustics: Q, the Quality Factor and Q10 dB. The usage, definitions and separate application of these two terms can be traced back for more than 30 years. The two terms provide different measurements of the sharpness of tuning of e.g. acoustic systems. The two terms have been used in separate contexts and they measure different things. In view of the confusion that arises from the shared use of the letter Q, it is important that whichever Q is used is defined clearly in all publications.

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753408

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753409

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753410

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753411

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.1999.9753413

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor