摘要:

Problem definition is a key part of the policy process. Policy problems can be defined in different ways, and different definitions often compete for the attention of policymakers and for privileged status on the governmental agenda. This article uses different problem definitions of public education in Boston, Massachusetts as a case study of how different definitions vie for acceptance. Problem definitions that received the most attention—weak governance, inadequate school programs, and limited finances—achieved agenda status due to their high visibility, strong political sponsorship, and availability of viable soluti

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01635.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research explores hew public‐sector employees feel about sexual harassment policies in their workplace, identifies policy attributes that appear to lead to dissatisfaction, and examines employee suggestions for policy improvement. Based on a survey of employees in two public‐sector organizations, it concludes that satisfaction with policies is mixed and uncertainty is high, while reporting rates are low relative to harassment experiences. And, while employees are better able to identify problems than propose solutions, recommendations for policy improvements include training on the nature of sexual harassment, use of an ombudsperson, and increased accountability of supervis

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01636.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The European Union's influence on defense industry mailers has increased in recent years. This is plaiting because the Treaty of Rome permits member stales to maintain armaments production and trade issues at the national level. The argument presented in this paper is that the predominant theories of European integration cannot adequately explain this shift in policymaking from the national to the regional level. Reactive spillover combines an appreciation of international environmental pressures with the concept of spillover.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01637.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The advocacy coalition framework (AC) explains policy stability The policy entrepreneurship model (PE) explains dynamic policy change. Thus, augmenting the AC with insights from the PE provides a method of explaining a common empirical phenomenon: policy stability punctuated by dynamic policy change. This analytical strategy could be used to explore stability and change in many policy arenas. Here, we use it to interpret the background lo and dynamics of recent education policy reform in Michigan.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01638.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Efficiency and economy have become the forces driving both, public and private organizations in the 1990s. Competition and legal mandates constrict managers' abilities to use their traditional options in delivering goods and services to their citizens and customers. Privatization and entrepreneurial management are being utilized increasingly to improve productivity. This is creating a genuine transformation in the way we manage our organizations, it also changes the nature of the relationship between our organizations and their citizens, clients, and customers.In this article we explore this unfolding transformation and analyze its significance. An entrepreneurial management productivity optimization model is also developed. Productivity is explored in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. The mechanisms for improving productivity, privatization, and entrepreneurial management are then examined. After noting the changing rotes that public policy and competition now play, the more prominent managerial models are explored, including reinventing and reengineering.The article then presents examples of federal, state, and local entrepreneurial strategies and innovations. It concludes by alerting us to endangered public policy priorities and sets forth significant public management caveats to which we increasingly should become sensitive. The entrepreneurial management productivity optimization model has been developed to assist in clarifying and analyzing the issues involved in this article. It should also help those working in this arena to formulate optimal choices when building entrepreneurial management models for their own organizations or for those of their citizens, clients, or customers.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The privatization of government services, especially by utilizing the contracting‐out mode, has accelerated in recent years in the United States, particularly at the state and local level. Shifts in the relative strength of forces in a political coalition model underlay the trend. There have been several benefits of privatization, especially cost containment and quality enhancement. The recent history of privatization provides a number of lessons to guide future privatization polic

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1995, the federal government started five pilot Franchise Funds (FF), to study their feasibility for improving productivity through the introduction of competition and capitalizing on specialization and economy of size. This paper describes the current approach to the use of FT. It suggests that the relationship between the FF and those that contract them for service resemble what economists call “principal‐agent relations” and what they study as “agency theory.” The paper concludes that the vast research on agency relations may help the development of a theory or a conceptual framework for studying and managing FF and contracts

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An important criticism of public entrepreneurship has been that Us precepts and practices are not consonant with democratic values. This paper examines the meaning of entrepreneurship as defined in bath the public and private sectors, suggesting that some attributes of entrepreneurs that commonly are deemed undesirable–egotism, selfishness, waywardness, domination, and opportunism–actually are functional for entrepreneurial activity. This is because entrepreneurship plays an essential role in addressing a particular type of policy problems (here called “anarchic”)–those where goals are ambiguous or conflicting and where the means to achieve them are unknown or uncertain. Finally, methods are suggested for encouraging ethical entrepreneurship, whether undertaken in an anarchic setting or within an organizational matrix that is communitarian or bur

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY