摘要:

This article addresses several questions about property tax. abatements in the United States, all directed at why tax abatements should be regulated more closely, and one question about how this might be accomplished. First, are tax abatements “job increment financing” since they are exchanged for future jobs? Public decisionmakers assume that jobs mean tax revenues, but problems emerge when abatements are granted without knowledge of expected jobs, or if local government administrators and planners have no means of holding businesses accountable if their promises are not kept. Second, are local decisionmakers behaving imprudently when they abate multiyear taxes? Using abatements may not always be a particularly prudent way of using public resources. Third, can tax abatements undermine local democracy? Abatements weaken public involvement in city government when citizens have few opportunities to debate decisionmakers about tax exemptions, but they should have such a chance because abatements have costly, longlasting effects on current and future citizens. Fourth, do abatements create social costs? Tax abatements generate external effects for those who are not party to the politics of tax exemptions, but there are no easy answers about how to correct the externalities. Finally, what are the options for stopping tax abatements? These include federal prohibition, cooperative agreements, federal fiscal incentives, the courts, tougher negotiating tactics, and more stringent contractual provisions by urban planners and administrat

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Current federal hazardous and low‐level radioactive waste management policies (under conjoint federalism) fail to balance national concerns for consistency with state concerns for equity, discretion, and adequate resources. Congress should expand conjoint federalism to permit states to charge differential fees on imported hazardous waste as it does for low‐level radioactive waste. For low‐level radioactive waste, clarification of the “take title” issue makes the present framework for state discretion implementable, given suffic

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study develops a methodology for examining the impact of court orders on local budgets and applies it to one of the most important areas of judicial involvement‐local jails. During the 1980s an increasing number of local jails came under court order due to overcrowded facilities. In many counties this has been matched by equally rapid growth in jail capacity and expenditures. Based on simple comparisons of these trends and case studies of individual counties, previous research on court intervention has concluded that the courts have forced reluctant local governments to increase expenditures on corrections. However, past research on judicial intervention may be misleading because of inadequate controls for other factors that may affect both jail capacity and spending. We examine the determinants of jail spending for a national sample of jails in the mid‐1980s. Our results indicate that court orders influence capacity expansion (their impact on current expenditures is less clear); however, other jail and demand factors may have a stronger effect. Contrary to conventional wisdom, our findings suggest that many jurisdictions, given adequate fiscal resources, budget for jail expansion when they need its not when forced by the courts to

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The national policy to manage low‐level radioactive waste (LLRW) from commercial nuclear power plants and other generators appears to be at a standstill with regard to siting new LLRW disposal facilities in the states. Regional compacts have been established and host stales designated in most compacts, but the NIMBY problem has proved insurmountable. Connecticut has been added to the growing list of states that have experienced siting setbacks and failures. This case study describes and analyzes the Connecticut experience. We show that siting was derailed by a technical‐rationality approach that ignored the political dimensions of siting until it was too late, and by the consequent and powerful NIMBY reaction that ensued. We consider the national LLRW policy dimensions of siting failures and suggest possible policy alternatives for siting LLRW disposal facilit

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Canadian policy towards Aboriginal Peoples is a complex regime involving property rights, constitutional entitlements, cultural concerns, and interlocking administrative, social, economic, and political aims and goals. Recent events related to constitution‐making have led investigators to suggest that an old “assimilationist” paradigm established in colonial times is in the process of being replaced by a new policy paradigm of “self‐government” and “peaceful coexistence.” Utilizing a model of paradigmatic policy change put forward by Peter Hall, this paper examines the development of the old and new Canadian policy and the reasons for the transition between the two. In so doing, it establishes the need to focus more closely on the relationships existing between endogenous and exogenous sources of change in policy subsystems in understanding the liming and content o

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article suggests some characteristics of the field of mental health that might explain why political scientists and public policy analysts have evidenced little interest in the study of mental health policy. Following a brief overview of United States mental health policy, the author makes the case for the importance of menial health policy inquiry on grounds of both pragmatic and theoretical significance.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Policy development is of little moment if those policies are never implemented. In this article a governor who had considerable success in implementing major changes in the mental health delivery system of his state suggests seven principles of successful policy implementation. The relevance, general utility, and applicability of these principles should be of interest to those political scientists who study issues related to policy implementation.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article examines the status of a national mental health policy for children in need of mental health services. The need for systems planning and services integration involving multiple agencies is presented. The different programs of the major governmental agencies involved in the delivery of services to children are reviewed, as are the range of services provided. This article demonstrates the fragmentation and duplication that is endemic in all aspects of mental health, and that consequently makes policy implementation exceedingly difficult.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The major impetus for health care reform clearly seems to be the desire to contain the cost of health care. One of the major cost‐containment methods proposed is capitation. Capitation poses specific problems when applied to mental health services delivery. This article discusses several of the major issues pertaining to the utility of capitation in mental health, discusses on‐going capitation efforts, and provides an evaluation of capitation programs. Future directions for research on capitation in mental health are then sugges

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is intended that the publication of this symposium will result in the involvement of more political scientists and policy analysts in the intriguing, challenging, and important area of mental health policy. The articles in this symposium serve as examples of a few of the areas in mental health that offer both the opportunity for and that would benefit from, more studies of policy issues and processes. Many others exist as well.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1994.tb01499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY