摘要:

In its examination of New Deal agricultural programs, this article takes issue with the pluralist, state‐centered, and class‐centered approaches which ignore the complexity of these policy programs' development and implementation as well as the role of organized interests. This over simplification is rectified through a comparison of the AAA and FSA programs, which demonstrates the primary role played in these programs' existance by organized interests both outside and within, the st

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1990, 38 states passed more than 140 recycling laws. What prompts the states to commit to recycling? In this article, various political, economic, and environmental variables are tested for their independent and group effect on states’ recycling commitment. A composite measure of recycling commitment is developed by combining several political and economic attributes. The results indicate that in comparison to the commonly used economic, political, and demographic variables, a new set of variables measuring policy image are more promisin

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Beginning in the late 1970s, the federal government adopted a policy of negotiating, rather than litigating, conflicts over Indian water claims. In the ensuing years numerous settlements have been authorized by Congress. According to the literature on dispute resolution, successful negotiations are usually characterized by a specific set of conditions. This paper assesses the extent to which Indian water settlements are characterized by these conditions.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study presents a model of net interstate migration in the United States during the 1970s. Of 5 composite dimensions derived from an exploratory factor analysis of 20 candidate predictors of interstate migration, the greatest predictive power in an ordinary least squares regression analysis is attained by a set of quality‐of‐life correlates of migration. Composites of fiscal policy and labor relations variables, more controllable by public decisionmakers, are also signific

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01819.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The US. and France have adopted contrasting models of motor fuel tax and highway finance policy. Fuel tax revenues are dedicated to state and federal highway funds in America, keeping taxes quite low, but preventing them from contributing to the general treasury. French motor fuel taxes are higher and make up nearly 11 percent of the central government's general revenues, excluding social security contributions. French highway finance relies heavily on tolls. Pressure from the US. federal deficit has reduced the highway trust fund's ability to protect highway spending from budgetary competition. Political and procedural changes in Congress make it likely that the U.S.will move away from exclusive dedication of motor fuel taxes.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article reviews the political, technological, and economic issues involved in the formulation of congestion pricing policy. Increased urban congestion combined with increasingly scarce resources is making policymakers consider congestion pricing as an alternative to expanding highway capacity. Past experiences with congestion pricing and other types of demand management are discussed in an attempt to identify problems policymakers may expect to encounter in the US.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of road pricing in travel demand management and congestion mitigation has been gaining support in many countries. Although the theory of congestion pricing is persuasive and straightforward, successful application of road pricing mandates that congestion externalities be estimated. Using data from a recent traffic survey in Singapore, this paper estimates congestion prices for alternative time values and vehicle types. These estimates are compared with the existing cost of area licenses, from which implications for economic efficiency and resource allocation are drawn.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Reagan/Bush Administrations cut back federal support for state and local governments during the 1980s, causing total real resources available to finance local roads and bridges to increase very slowly between 1977 and 1989. The effect of federal aid on spending for infrastructure has been subject to debate for many years. Some studies have indicated that federal aid is stimulative, while others report that federal aid substitutes for local resources. This article examines the effect of state and federal aid on county highway spending. The analysis demonstrates that, in 1987, federal aid was stimulative but state aid was not. In light of changes brought about by the Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), we can expect federal aid to have a stronger relationship with local highway spending.

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the second half of the nineteenth century, and again in the middle of the twentieth century, federal, state, and local governments were involved in large‐scale subsidizing and promoting of railroad infrastructure for economic development purposes. In the 1800s, public financial involvement centered on the expansion of railroads to develop the West. In the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, public financial assistance focused on preserving rail freight services, and on restructuring the then oversized national rail network. In the 1990s and beyond, rail improvements and the need for public assistance are likely to be more incremental, with mostly local projects. Case study research was conducted on six local freight rail service projects, all of which had public sector investment. Five attributes were identified whose presence was associated with project success, or conversely, whose absence may have reduced the likelihood for project success. These success attributes should be used as an adjunct to sound economic analysis, and incorporated within future policies governing selection of local rail projects to receive public assistanc

ISSN:0190-292X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0072.1993.tb01825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY