摘要:

We attempted to correlate dementia to histopathologic lesions in 15 autopsy patients with Lewy body type Parkinson disease (PD) by semiquantitative analysis of Alzheimer pathology, cortical Lewy bodies, locus ceruleus, nucleus basalis and vascular lesions. Ten out of the 15 patients were demented and consisted of 6 with PD alone, 2 with PD and marked Alzheimer pathology, 1 with PD, marked Alzheimer pathology and diffuse Lewy body disease and 1 with multiple cerebral infarcts, PD and marked Alzheimer pathology. The degeneration of the locus ceruleus was prominent in 2 patients with marked dementia but without any significant cortical pathology. Our findings are consistent with previous observations suggesting that the cause of dementia in PD is heterogeneous and further indicate that degeneration of the locus ceruleus may contribute to the pathogenesis of dementia in a subgroup of PD patients.

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000107210

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The cerebellum shows pathological changes in most cases of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). Previous reports have stressed the presence of elongated, diffuse deposits of βA4 protein in the molecular layer as the major lesion. We have examined cerebellar tissue from 20 cases of sporadic AD, 8 cases of familial AD and 2 adult Down''s syndrome (DS) patients using βA4 immunohistochemistry. As well as the molecular layer lesions, we found diffuse deposits of βA4 protein around Purkinje cells to be a common lesion and in one DS case, the only significant pathologic change. These deposits were often contiguous with the elongated deposits in the molecular layer. We propose that βA4 protein may be initially deposited in the extracellular space around Purkinje cells and then migrates by bulk flow through the molecular layer towards the pial surf

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000107211

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Antibodies against parvalbumin, a cytoplasmic calcium-binding protein, were used for the immunocytochemical localization in the postmortem normal human hippocampus. Parvalbumin-containing neurons represent a subset of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. Quantitative data were obtained by using a computer-assisted microscopic image-analyzing system. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in somata, dendrites and axons of nonpyramidal neurons in all subregions of the hippocampus proper and in the entorhinal cortex. The surface of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (parv-i) neurons was smooth or sparsely spinous. In the hippocampus proper complete staining of dendritic processes and somata of parv-i neurons enabled their classification. In the dentate gyrus parv-i neurons were localized in or below the granular layer as well as in the center of the hilus. Nonreactive granule cell somata were surrounded by a dense plexus of parv-i axonal varicosities. In Ammon''s horn parv-i somata were localized predominantly in the stratum (s.) pyramidale and s. oriens. Most parv-i neurons were localized in CA1, sending long dendrites into the s. radiatum. Parv-i axons and axonal varicosities were found almost exclusively around nonreactive neuronal somata in the s. pyramidale. In the subiculum parv-i neurons were scattered in all layers. In the entorhinal cortex the number of parv-i neurons was much higher compared to the hippocampus proper, but their dendrites often show faint or incomplete staining. Parv-i somata and axon varicosities were found in the islands of layer II, but with the greatest number in layer III. These findings will form the basis for comparisons with the parv-i neuronal populations of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, multi-infarct dementia and Parkinson''s disease.

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000107212

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

42 outpatients with mild Alzheimer''s disease were studied to investigate the hypothesis that neuropsychological measures which indicate right hemisphere dysfunction, like deficits in visuoconstructive and perceptual tasks, are associated with disoriented behavior in familiar surroundings. The only measure associated with disoriented behavior was the measure of perceptual impairment. Visuoconstructive, memory or verbal impairment were not related to disoriented behavior. Furthermore, when the influence of perceptual impairment was eliminated by calculating partial correlations, the other correlations between memory, visuoconstructive or verbal impairment and disoriented showed a substantial decrease. Our results suggest a strong association between perceptual impairment in neuropsychological measures and disoriented behavior in familiar surroundings in mild Alzheimer''s disease.

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000107213

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One hundred and fifteen patients suffering from mild to moderate cognitive impairment fulfilling NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable dementia of Alzheimer type were treated for 6 months with a new nootropic drug, aniracetam (Ro 13–5057) in a double-blind randomized study versus piracetam. The two treatment groups were comparable at baseline for demographic and behavioural parameters and symptomatology. All patients underwent clinical, behavioural and psychometric evaluation every other month. The aniracetam group showed statistically significant improvements over the majority of psychobehavioural parameters used to assess efficacy. To a lesser extent the piracetam group also showed an improvement. Excellent drug tolerability was found in both group

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000107214

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Previous investigations concerned with effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in older women have focused primarily on morbidity and mortality as measures of outcome. A retrospective study is reported here that investigated the effects of ERT in older women with and without cerebrovascular disease on measures of cerebral perfusion and cognition. Results indicate that ERT was significantly correlated with higher cognitive test performance among women with a history of cerebrovascular disease. There was also a trend for increased cerebral perfusion among women with cerebrovascular disease receiving ERT. Results are consonant with previous reports that estrogen exerts ‘protective effects’ among patients with cerebrovascular disease and suggest that estrogen replacement may stabilize the deleterious effects of progressive cerebrovascular disease by helping to sustain cerebral perfusion and cognition among women with a history of cerebrovascular dise

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000107215

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study evaluates the cerebrospinal fluid levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (LI) in two types of primary degenerative dementias: dementia of Alzheimer''s disease (DAT) and dementia with frontotemporal cortical degeneration of non-Alzheimer type (which included Pick''s disease). Several studies have documentated reduced concentration of somatostatin-LI in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in DAT. This study confirmed these results and showed in addition reduced CSF levels of somatostatin-LI in frontal lobe dementia (FTD), which has not been shown previously. There was no significant correlation with the duration of the disease. The histopathology and distribution of cortical degeneration in DAT and FTD differs in most aspects but shares the reduction in somatostatin-LI reduction. This suggests involvement of somatostatin neurons in these two types of primary degenerative dementias.

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000107216

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Aluminum intoxication causes memory loss, orientation problems and aggressive behavior in mice. We trained mice for 5 weeks on a maze and then subjected them to 4 or 8 % Al sulfate in drinking water for a further 16 and 3 weeks respectively. Average running times decreased continuously for controls, but rose for both experimental groups. Lag time for the lower Al group was 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, running times for controls were about a third, and those for both experimental groups more than twice, the value at the end of training (p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA). Fluorescent Morin showed large Al concentrations in the cerebral cortex of mice from the 4% Al group. These results indicate that chronic administration of Al salts in drinking water to mice induces behavioral changes that may reflect a memory deficit, with no visible loss of feeling or motor capabilities.

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000107217

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000107218

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger