摘要:

SYNOPSIS.A survey of the genusLagenophrysStein, 1852 (Ciliata, Peritricha) on freshwater crayfish (Parastacidae) revealed a wide range of new species in Australia and New Zealand. Fourteen new species are described.L. seticolasp. nov. is close toL. vaginicolaStein.L. spinosa, L. bispinosa, L. latispinosa, L. communis, L. occlusa, L. lawrii, L. lingulataspp. nov. form one species group.L. willisi, L. rugosa, L. darwini, L. deserti, L. ditngogiandL. engaeispp. nov. form a second group distinguished by characters of the lorica, lorica mouth and macronucleus.Nenninger's classification of degree of specificity of commensal‐host relationship is applied to the whole genus and expanded in the light of the Australian material. The zoogeographic problems resulting from the specificity ofLagenophrysand the limited rangeofsome of its hosts are indicate

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Pyxicola nolandi, n. sp., is a loricate peritrich favored by clean pond water. The yellowish‐brown lorica measures 74 × 25 μ, on the average; supported by a noncontractile stalk, it resembles a vase with a slightly curved neck bearing an oblique opening. The stalk, ∼ 13 × 6 μ, is marked by vertical lines which give it a corrugated appearance. The bluish‐gray translucent truncated body is protrusible beyond the lorica's opening, averages 87 × 15 μ, and is characterized as follows. An expansive sphincter collar that extends into a narrow shelf; 3 rows of concentrically spiralling peristomial membranes; prominent “soie de Lachmann” visible when peristomial region expands; a slightly lobulated discshaped operculum originating on the ventro‐lateral surface of the peristomial collar, averaging 15 μ in diameter, and overhanging the edge of the lorica when the body extends; one contractile vacuole; C‐shaped macronucleus; micronuclcus ∼ 6 times 3 μLarge populations were found in June, July, and August, attached to the algaRhizoclonium hieroglyphicumand to other kinds of filamentous algae. The peritrich was scarce in winter, but it was found even when the pond was covered with ice, providing thatRhizoclonizmsurvived in the cold weather.Some aspects of binary fission, lorica formation, conjugation, environmental pREFERENCES, and maintenance are described. The peritrich was cultivated in laboratory aquaria. Clones were established repeatedly from pond D‐7 and from laboratory aquaria. Loricae were stained successfully with Congo red. Nuclear phenomena were revealed with the Feulgen technique. Silver impregnation w

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Fermentation of wheat by a clonal population ofOphryoscolex purkyneiobtained from anin vitroculture yielded butyrate, acetate, smaller amounts of propionate, and traces of formate and lactate.H2and COz were formed in a ratio of approximately 2:1. The soluble sugars tested were not fermented in manometric experiments. Decomposition of pectin byO. Purkyneiis due to pectin esterase and transeliminase; the latter enzyme resembles the bacterial transeliminase rather than the fungal pectin transeliminase. The occurrence of these enzymes seems odd since the end products do not appear to be metabolized.The rate of fermentation of wheat by washed suspensions of protozoa agreed with the rate determined by following gas production in a normal culture during a 24‐hr period. The rate was lower than that reported for the holotrichous rumen ciliates; the total products formed per cell per hour by the washed suspension were 0.295 mpM.The formation of gas by fermentation of soybean and linseed oil meals was due to the starch and not protein in these materials. Manometric experiments with the pure proteins, casein, gliadin, and glutenin showed no gas evolution. Ammonification of these substrates in addition to plant chloroplasts was determined. Linseed oil meal gave a high value of 0.02 mμM/cell/hr which is of practical magnitude when compared to the rate of formation of acid, 0.08 mμM/cell/hr.Based on a concentration of 4000 protozoa/ml, estimation of the proteolytic activities ofO. Purkyneiindicated that it can account for 1.5% of the total ammonification. But, it can account for nearly 11% per day of the nitrogen supplied to the host when the protozoa are passed on to the abomasum. Its contribution to the volatile acids produced in the rumen is 3%, assuming the maximum rate of acid formation from wheat.Ophryoscolexcan be of significance in the rumen if it occurs at high concentrations (4W/ml) but the rate of fermentatiodcell is too low to assign much importance to this organism when it occurs in low numb

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.The following four subgenera. I based chiefly on the form of the macronucleus, are proposed for thr genusBlepharismaPerty 1852: 1)Compactum, having a single compact interphase macronucleus. Type speciesB Compactum hyalinumPerty. 2)Filijormis, having a vermiform or tubular elongate interphase macronuclcus. occasionally doubled or even fragmented in individuals. Type spcies B.(Filiformis) intermediumBhandary. 3)Blepharisma, having an interphase macronucleus with two or more nodes usually connected by a very thin strand between the nodes. Type speciesB. (Blepharisma) PerisicinumPerty. 4)Halteroides, having an interphase macronucleus in two nodes connected by a thick strand. Type speciesB. (Halteroides) tropicumBhandary. Differences between the subgenera also can be found in the size, pigmentation, presence or absence of cysts and conjugaion 26 species are presented.While integradations between the subgenera and species exist, it is felt that separation of the four groups is warranted and may indicate possible evolutionary trends within the genus.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01826.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Electrophoretic studies ofEntamoeba invadenshave demonstrated that the living trophozoites have a negative surface‐charge. The trophozoite is killed at pH 4.0 and acquires a positive surface‐charge. The isoelectric point of the trophozoite is between pH 4.6 and 4.0. The nature of the surface‐charge is such that it is not likely to play any part in the ability of the trophozoite to phagocytize bacterial

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Conjugation involving two Japanese strains ofBlepharisma, Niigata and Nara, which are considerably different from each other in external morphology, but are rather similar in nuclear configuration, was induced experimentally. Compared with normal conjugations of the two strains, both the Niigata‐ and Nara‐interbred exconjugants show a strikingly high mortality. The possibilities of the occurrence of autogamy and cross‐fertilization are discussed on the basis of the results obtained from observations on living and fixed mat

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01828.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY