摘要:

SYNOPSIS. Experiments were performed to ascertain the effect of heat and cold on oral and micronuclear development in synchronizedTetrahymena pyriformisWH‐6. The developing oral primordium becomes insensitive to cold sometime during stage 2. Cold shocks cause the reversion of many stage 2 primordia to stage 1. Cells so affected are set back in division. The delayed division is always asynchronous. When heat shocks are applied prior to late stage 4, the developing primordium will regress. High temperature shocks applied at later stages permit continued development. However, when the cell begins to cleave at the high temperature, division is frequently arrested and the new oral areas regress. Subsequent cell separation is greatly delayed and asynchronous.Heat and cold affect the micronucleus in the same way. Both agents prolong the arrest of mitosis brought about by the synchronizing treatment. A temperature shock is ineffective if applied after there is a space completely separating the chromosome groups, so that mitosis is completed in the presence of the agent. Bimicronucleate chains result in those cases in which division is arrested by heat shocks.It is suggested that the different phases of sensitivity to heat and cold may reflect different types of syntheses necessary for development of the oral primordium. Division arrest and subsequent oral replacement might possibly be related to high temperature induced changes in the physical state of the ciliate corte

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Myxosoma cartilaginisn. sp. is described from the cartilage ofLepomis macrochirus(bluegill),L. cyanellus(green sunfish) andMicropterus salmoides(largemouth black bass). The development of the parasite is described from naturally infected fish which were held in spore‐free water after infection. The sporoplasm invades cartilage, and becomes a multi‐nucleate trophozoite which forms pansporoblasts, each of which produces 2 to 4 spores. The first spores appear in 7 weeks.The histopathology in the above fish consists at first of little cellular reaction, but after 4 to 5 months epithelioid granulomas appear around some of the spore masses. Cartilage liquefaction is present around the parasites for at least 5 weeks. Eosinophilic globules are present in cartilage cells adjacent to the lesions. Diffuse infiltration of the spores from the lesions is described.Of 24 chemicals tested for polar filament extrusion, potassium hydroxide gave the best results.An illustrated synopsis of theMyxosomaof North American fishes is given. Included is some additional information and illustrations ofM. hoffmaniMeglitsch, 1963. Also included is a table showing the hosts, site of infection, geographic location, spore and polar capsule si

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Colligocineta furaxgen. nov., sp. nov., parasitizes the epithelial cells of the peristomial cirri of the sabellid polychaeteLaonome kröyeriMalmgren. The material studied was dredged in West Sound of Orcas Island, San Juan Archipelago, Washington. In general, the pattern of ciliation ofColligocinetaresembles that ofHypocomellaandHeterocinetopsis.However, of the ten kineties which constitute the ciliary system, two from the extreme right side appear to be continuous with two from the left side. During division, the posterior part of the ciliary field is conferred upon the opisthe, and in the proter all of the ten kineties are for a time completely separate

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS. Two species of hysterocinetids occur in the alimentary tract ofDrilocrius breymanni, an aquatic oligochaete collected in Departamento del Valle, Colombia. The suckers of both species are unusual for their complexity. InCraticuloscuta escobarigen. nov., sp. nov., the sucker is a shallow oval concavity with longitudinal and transverse supporting elements. About one‐fifth of the area of the sucker, in its posterior portion, is ciliated, but argyrophilic punctations, which probably represent kinetosomes, are distributed in a regular pattern over most of its surface. InEpicharocotyle kyburzigen. nov., sp. nov., the oval major portion of the sucker is deep, and continuous with a short trough which extends posteriorly and bends toward the left. Veil‐like flanges, bordered by a fringe of thick, inactive cilia, arise from the margins of the sucker on either side. In the region of the trough, the flanges may overlap in such a way that the trough is almost completely covered. The trough and a small area of the major portion of the sucker anterior to it are ciliated. However, argyrophilic punctations which probably represent kinetosomes are distributed over most of the surface of the sucker. The pattern of longitudinal and transverse supporting elements found in the sucker itself extends into the flanges. In bothCraticuloscutaandEpicharocotyle, the arrangement of the adoral and buccal ciliary organelles is essentially like that inHysterocineta, Ptychostomum, and other ciliates of the family Hysterocineti

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS. The effect of hexamethonium chloride, an acetyl‐choline competitor, on the ciliary and myonemal systems ofSpirostomum intermediumandS. ambiguumwas investigated. Although the drug caused immobilization of the cilia, severe cell damage often ensued indicating an unspecific action. The general reaction was usually more severe and the ciliary inhibition less inS. ambiguumthan inS. intermedium.It is postulated that the general reaction is the result of either membrane depolarization or binding of hexamethonium at the surface. Fed animals were more susceptible to drug action than starved ones. Raising the external potassium level did not affect the drug actio

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS. Various protozoa and lower metazoa were exposed to filtrates ofStaphylococcus aureusB (formerly called Type S‐6) (2) and non‐enterotoxigenic filtrates of staphylococci to study the toxicity of staphylococcal enterotoxin to these organisms. No reaction specific for enterotoxin was observed either in those culture filtrates from toxin‐producing strains or in solutions of purified enterotoxin. Non‐specific reactions were obtained with various growth media and a “potassium inhibited” filtrate containing

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS. Silver stains of the free‐swimming sessiline peritrichOpisthonecta henneguyireveal the adoral infraciliature as the bases of two membranes, a haplokinety and a polykinety, which diverge at the buccal overture and spiral down the infundibulum to end at the cytostome. A second polykinety parallels the adoral polykinety in the oral half of the infundibulum, and the two form a peniculus. The haplokinety appears as a single row of kinetosomes, the adoral polykinety as a series of transverse rows of three kinetosomes. The peniculus is six kinetosomes in width.The electron microscope shows that the haplokinety is a double row of staggered kinetosomes. Only the external row bears cilia. The polykinety is a complex ciliary membrane, three kinetosomes wide. The three kinetosomes are connected with one another by fibrous bundles passing beneath them. They are linked orally and apically into longitudinal rows of thick, zig‐zag, fibrous connections. The kinetosomes of the internal longitudinal row are attached by a dense fiber to a strand of fibrous material interrupted at regular intervals by dense nodes.A section of the wall of the infundibulum is thrown up into longitudinal folds with tubular fibrils running parallel to the folds. These structures, the crests, appear to continue into the cytopharynx. Beneath and around the adoral and infundibular infraciliature and the crests is a fibrous matrix with dense nodes, resembling the reticulated infundibular fiber described by Faureé‐Fremiet.The trochal band in silver stains appears as short diagonal rows of kinetosomes. The electron microscope shows 5 to 7 kinetosomes per diagonal row. The kinetosomes of the diagonal rows are linked to thick dense rods which originate just above the trochal band and continue antapically past the kinetosomes for a distance of 10 to 15 μ. The kinetosomes are joined to one another by fibrous strands and each is also connected by a dense fiber to the diagonal rod to its left. Running below the kinetosomes and at right angles to the rods is a system of striated fibers.At the aboral end of the body, a ring, 2 μ in diameter, of argentophilic granules is shown by the electron microscope to be a small circle of kinetosomes. Sessile stages have not been reported forOpisthonecta.The aboral ring is probably a vestigial or non‐functioning scopula.The argyrome is represented by circular striae around the body. Each stria bears argentophilic dots on either its apical or its antapical side. Electron microscopy reveals that these dots are pores in the cuticle. The striae themselves may be points of adhesion between the inner cuticle and the outer cuticle, or ridges of cytoplasm between flattened alveoli of the inner cuticle. A dense fiber runs below and parallel to each stria.Opisthonectashows at least three different kinds of ciliary membranes. Some speculations are offered on the taxonomic affinities of peritrichs based on their infr

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS. A morphological study on the ectoplasm and the proboscis in the ciliateDidinium nasutum, has been performed by means of an electron microscope. The ectoplasm and the endoplasm ofDidiniumare separated by a fibrous layer. In addition to the ciliary apparatus and the filament system, the ectoplasm is characterized by having ectoplasmic vacuoles enclosing cross‐striated bodies and by having small rods surrounding the ciliary basal body.The filament system is composed of 4 types of tubular filaments: primary filaments originating from the basal body, secondary ones coursing longitudinally along the cell periphery, tertiary ones going down in cylindrical arrays from the periphery of the proboscis into the endoplasm, and finally kinetosomal ones from the base of the basal body into the endoplasm through the newly found pore of the fibrous layer.The fine morphology of the trichites in the proboscis is elucidated three‐dimensionally and illustrated schematically. Moreover, the correlation among the small rod, ectoplasmic vacuole and trichite is discus

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY