ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe sessiline peritrichEllobiophrya convivan. sp. is described from marine ectoprocts of the genusBugula, the first report of an ellobiophryid on bryozoan hosts. The new species is distinguished from others of its genus by its different body proportions, size, host, and structure of the clasping holdfast (for which the new namecinctumis chosen).Ellobiophrya convivahas been found only onB. neritinaandB. turritaand shows a marked seasonal cycle of abundance. The family Ellobiophryidae Chatton&Lwoff is revised on the basis of new information provided byE. conviva, with the single species of the genusClausophryaremoved toEllobiophryaasE. oblidaNaidenova&Zaika n. comb. The genusCaliperiaLaird remains unchanged. The two genera of the revised family are distinguished from one another by differences in the structure of the cinctum. Hypotheses are advanced to explain the morphogenesis of the cinctum and the evolution of ellobiophryids from other peritrichs.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOocysts ofEimeria morainensisn. sp. are described from the golden‐mantled ground squirrel,Spermophilus lateralis. in Northern Colorado. The oocysts ofE. morainensisare double‐walled and subspherical, 20.3 × 19.8 (18.7–26.2 × 17.5–21.2) μm; and the sporocysts are ellipsoid, 12.1 × 6.9 (8.7–13.7 × 6.2–8.7) μm. Oocyst residuum and micropyle are absent, but a polar granule is present. Sporocyst residuum and Stieda body are present. Differences in oocyst characteristics provide the basis for recognition of this new

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe spatial and seasonal distribution ofParamecium bursariain two small Indiana ponds was studied using a sampling grid. Very small (5.0 ml) samples were taken so that the individual microhabitats could be studied. The results were evaluated in comparison to the data collected for theP. aureliacomplex collected in the same manner and at the same sites. It was found thatP. bursariaexist in a clumped distribution, but that the distribution was not very different from random.Paramecium bursariaalso exist at the surface and at the mud‐water interface. Temperature does not seem to play a statistically significant role in determining population size. The breeding system ofP. bursariais optimized for an outbreeding population of low density. In comparison, the species of theP. aureliacomplex exist in a very clumped distribution, are found only at the mud‐water interface, and are inbreeders. The evolutionary strategies of the two types of paramecia are discus

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA study of plankton samples collected in the Western Sargasso Sea during nine cruises has shown discontinuity between samples from different latitudes as regards their percentage, abundance, and number of species of Acantharia. Limits separating zones rich in Acantharia from those poor in Acantharia were singled out. The latitude at which the difference in abundance occurs can vary. This is in accord with differences in primary production, phytoplankton, and mesopelagic fishes noted by other workers who believe that the points of these faunal changes correspond to a temperature change indicated as “thermal fronts

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

RESUMELes colorations au protargol ainsi que la microscopie électronique á transmission et á balayage permettent de distinguer quatre parties dans I'organisation deSpirochona gemmipara: la collerette formée d'une entonnoir et d'une volute abritant la ciliature, le pseudatrium, et le cytostome; le cou contenant le cytopharynx, le systéme excréteur. et I'appareil cytoproctal; le corps renfle par les noyaux et les vacuoles digestives: et le pseudostyle allonge assurant la fixation au substrat. En majeure partie, le spirochone est limité par une pellicule non ciliée et dépourvue de cils; la pellicule comprend la membrane cellulaire, un épiplasme épais percé de nombreux pores et des triplets de microtubules (MT) sous‐pelliculaires. Principalement située dans I'entonnoir, la ciliature somatiquc du spirochone est répartie en deux ensembles inégaux, le champ gauche et le champ droit. Les cinéties sont séparées par des crétes contenant les MT post‐ciliaires disposés en une couche verticale; les MT sous‐cinétiens sont nombreux, arrangés parallélement á la base des cinétosomes; ceux‐lá présentent également une lame dense et des MT transverses, et une fibre cinétodesmale discrete. Un important réseau de faisceaux fibrillaires est disposé orthogonalement par rapport aux cinéties. La base de I'entonnoir est déprimée en une petite cavitéévasée, le pseudatrium; celui‐lá conduit à un cytostome ouvert en permanence. Dépourvu de némadesmes, le cytopharynx est un tube cylindrique formé par une dizaine de rideaux microtubulaires; prés du cytostome, chaque rideau porte en plus quelques MT radiaires assimilés aux lamelles Z des Nassulida. Le phagoplasme est riche en tubules complexes et en vésicules de taille moyenne à contenu contrasté. Le champ X, peu organisé, comprend 10–30 cinétosomes situés à gauche du cytostome; il ne correspond certainement pas á la ciliature périorale droite deChilodochona.Si cette difference se retrouve chez d'autres Chonotriches, il sera nécessaire de séparer taxonomiquement les espéces possédant une ciliature périorale de celles qui en sont dépourvues.ABSTRACTIn the organization ofSpirochona gemmipara, four parts can be demonstrated by protargol staining and also by scanning and transmission electron microscopy: the collar, composed of a funnel and a volute, which shelters the cilia, the pseudatrium, and the cytostome: the neck, which contains the cytopharynx, the excretory system, and the cytoproctal apparatus; the body, enlarged by the nuclei and the digestive vacuoles; and the elongated pseudostyle, which ensures attachment to the substrate. Most of the surface of the spirochone is covered by the pellicula devoid of cilia and alveoli; the pellicula comprises the cell membrane, a thick epiplasm perforated with numerous pores and subpellicular triplets of microtubules (MT). The somatic ciliature of the spirochone is located principally in the funnel and is divided into two unequal parts, the left and right fields. The kineties are separated from one another by ridges, each containing one layer of postciliary MT: numerous subkinetal MT run in a parallel direction under the kinetics; moreover, the kinetosomes show a transverse dense spur and MT, and a modest kinetodesmal fiber. A conspicuous net of fibrillar bundles runs orthogonally to the kineties. The base of the funnel forms a small splayed depression, the pseudatrium; the latter leads to a permanently open cytostome. The cytopharynx is a cylindrical tube devoid of nematodesmata but containing ca. 10 microtubular curtains, each bearing also some radial MT resembling the Z lamellae of the Nassulida. The phagoplasm contains many complex tubules and numerous middle‐sized vesicles with an electron‐dense content. The X field, which is not well organized and comprises 10–30 kinetosomes, lies on the left of the cytostome; it certainly does not correspond to the right perioral ciliature ofChilodochona.If this disparity is found again in other chonotrichs, it will be necessary to separate taxono

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTElectron microscopy of the tomite ofConidophrys pitelkaeconfirms that Jankowski was correct in including the pilisuctorians in the Apostomatida. Like other apostome tomites, the tomite ofConidophryspossesses a rosette opening to the exterior, kinetodesmata made up of stacks of individual kinetodesmal fibrils, and canaliculi that are surrounded by dense inclusion bodies and open on the ventral surface. The fine structure of the trophont ofConidophrys, however, is quite unlike that of other apostome trophonts. The elaborate infraciliature of the tomite disappears immediately after it settles and reappears de novo on the trophont just before tomitogenesis. The cyst wall, which completely encloses the trophont and grows with it, attaches the ciliate to a seta on its, host, the shrimpCrangon crangon.The setae on which tomites settle vary greatly in size and shape, but each appears to have at its tip some digitiform cuticular projections that surmount a pore, which opens into the lumen of the seta. The trophont's only direct connection to its host is at the cytostome, a unique structure formed of delicate tubules that pass through the pore into the lumen of the seta. Ingestion is by micropinocytosis, and there are no visible food reserves.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

RESUMEL'étude du caractère planctonique de différentes spores d'Actinomyxidies montre une complexité croissante dans leur adaptation au milieu aquatique. Au contact de l'eau, les trois cellules épéisporales de chaque spore se transforment en flotteurs de forme différente suivant les espèces. Ces flotteurs peuvent s'unir entre eux en un style équivelent à un quatrième flotteur ou associer diversement les huit spores issues d'un měme pansporocyste. C'est le cas dans le genreSynactinomyxon dont la diagnose est modifiée pour inclure une deuxième espèce S. Iongicaudan. sp. Un type nouveau est décrit chez lequel la preéence d'ancres à l'extrémité des cellules épisporales permet de maintenir efficacement réunies plusieurs dizaines de spores émises simultanément. Nous avons observé dans les genresAurantiactinomyxon, Synactinomyxon, Echinactinomyxonl'emission du sporoplasme. II est libére en entier et capable de se déplacer dans l'eau pendant plus d'une heure grǎce à des mouvements amoeboïdes. ChezAurantiactinomyxon eiseniellaeles études ultrastructurales montrent que l'enveloppe du pansporocyste, d'une part, les épispores et les capsules polaires d'autre part sont réalisées à partir de cellules distinctes et profondément modifiées. Quant au sporoplasme, autrefois décrit comme un plasmode avec de nombreuses paires de noyaux, il contient, en fait, des ensembles identiques dont chacun est constitué de l'union d'un noyau satellite et d'une cellule uninucléée.ABSTRACTThe study of the planktonic character of different Actinomyxidia spores reveals increasingly complex adaptations to an aquatic environment. On contact with water, the three episporal cells of each spore transform into floats, the forms of which differ according to species. These floats can join together so that a fourth type of float is formed, or they can unite in various ways the eight spores originating from the same pansporocyst. This is the case in the genusSynactinomyxonwhose diagnosis is modified to include a second speciesS. Iongicaudan. sp. A new type is described in which the presence of anchors at the extremities of the episporal cells permits several dozen spores that have been emitted simultaneously to be kept together. We have observed the emission of the sporoplasm in the generaAurantiactinomyxon, Synactinomyxon, andEchinactinomyxon.It is freed completely and for more than an hour is capable of changing its position in the water by amoeboid movements. In the case ofAurantiactinomyxon eiseniellae, ultrastructural studies show that the pansporocyst envelope on the one hand, and the epispores and polar capsules on the other hand, are formed from separate but profoundly modified cells. The sporoplasm, however, sometimes described as a plasmodium with numerous pairs of nuclei, contains, in fact, identical complexes, each consisting of a uninucle

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTrichoduboscqia epeoriLéger was found to parasitize nymphs of the mayflyRhithrogena iridinaKolenati in southwest Germany for a new host record. It was studied by light and electron microscopy. The pansporoblast membrane is evaginated at several points, usually four, to produce long needle‐like appendages>20 μm in length with a resilient inner core superficially resembling collagen, which is thought to maintain their orientation. It is suggested that the pansporoblast appendages may play a role in host infection. The structure and ultrastructure of developmental stages are recorded for the first time. Apart from the pansporoblast appendages, the ultrastructure ofT. epeoriconforms to the general pattern seen in many other pansporoblastic Microspora. Typically 16 spores are produced per pansporoblast but 32‐spore pansporoblasts were also found, and the taxonomic significance of this is disc

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAmbiphrya ameiuriis an ectocommensal peritrich that attaches to the gills of warm‐water fishes and filters bacteria from the water. The ultrastructure of this protozoon, its attachment to the fish gills, and its effect on the gill tissue were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The peritrich attached to the gills by fibers extending from the scopula. A microtubular array, apparently a barren kinetosome, was present in each lobular projection, but no scopular cilia were observed. At low densitiesAmbiphryahad no apparent harmful effects on the fish; however, at high densities respiration may be impeded. Ultrastructural studies indicate that this organism receives no nourishment from the host tissu

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1982.tb04013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY