摘要:

SYNOPSISEimeria dallisp. n. is described from fecal samples collected from Dall sheep,Ovis dalli, from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. The oocysts are spherical or subspherical with mean dimensions of 43.7 × 37.4 μm. The outer oocyst wall is rough and irregular. No micropyle, micropylar cap or residuum was observed. Sporocysts were elongate ovoid with mean dimensions of 19.0 × 10.7 μm. Stieda bodies were not discerni

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSISThe life cycle ofI. canisNemeséri, 1959 was studied in experimentally infected dogs. Freshly sporulated oocysts were ovoid and 34–40 × 28–32 μm. The endogenous stages were found directly beneath the epithelium of the distal portion of the small intestinal villi. Most of the endogenous stages were in the lower 1/3 of the small intestine, but occasionally they were found in other portions of the small intestine. Three asexual generations were present. First‐generation schizonts were 16–38 × 11–23 μm and contained 4–24 merozoites; mature 1st‐generation merozoites were 8–11 × 3–5 μm. First‐generation schizogony lasted up to 7 days after inoculation. Second‐generation schizonts were 12–18 × 8–13 μm and contained up to 12 merozoites which were 11–13 × 3–5 μm. Second‐generation schizogony was present on postinoculation days 6 and 7. Third‐generation schizonts were formed by nuclear division of 2nd‐generation merozoites. Most 2nd‐generation merozoites underwent nuclear division without leaving the parasitophorous vacuole of the 2nd‐generation schizont. Mature 3rd‐generation schizonts were 13–38 × 8–24 μm and contained 6–72 merozoites. Third‐generation merozoites were 8–13 × 1–3 μm. Third‐generation schizogony was present on days 6–8 after inoculation. Mature macrogametes were 22–29 × 14–23 μm. Mature microgametocytes were 20–38 × 14–26 μm. Gametes were present on postinoculation days 7–10. Oocysts were present in t

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSISWith the realization that new data (especially ultrastructural) and new ideas are making necessary a major revision of the scheme of classification of the Ciliophora, several groups of ciliatologists are preparing treatises on the subject. The present paper is concerned with the composition of the large new class of ciliates, Kinetofragmophora de Puytorac et al., 1974, established very recently by the French group. Several new taxa, at ordinal and subordinal levels, are proposed for inclusion in that class, with special emphasis on the new order to contain the most primitive of extant species. Actions taken here are incorporated in a major review and revisory work of the author which is being published elsewhere.The class Kinetofragmophora, by far the largest of the 3 classes now recognized as comprising the whole phylum Ciliophora, is itself considered to contain 4 sizeable subclasses and to embrace a total of 13 orders and 14 suborders. Two orders and 6 suborders are named and described here as new, enumerated and briefly identified as follows: OrderPrimociliatidan. ord., for the most “primitive” of gymnostomes, with three new suborders—Homokaryotinan. subord., for the homokaryotic genusStephanopogon;Karyorelictinan. subord., for a number of mostly interstitial ciliates which, though heterokaryotic, possess nondividing, diploid macronuclei (e.g.Trachelocerca, Trachelonema, andTracheloraphis); andProrodontinan. subord., for a group of relatively specialized formerly “rhabdophorine” gymnostomes such asColeps, Placus, andProrodonand orderHaptoridan. ord., for rapacious carnivorous forms, formerly lumped with the preceding groups as “rhabdophorines,” many with oral toxicysts and well developed thigmotactic ciliature (e.g.Actinobolina, Didinium, Dileptus, Enchelys, Spathidium, andTrachelius). All foregoing taxa are members of the 1st kinetofragmophoran subclass, the Gymnostomata. In the taxonomic conclusions drawn, new significance is placed on ultrastructural data, on macronuclear differences of evolutionary importance, and on habitat and behavior. A brief review of the literature on psammophilous ciliates is presented.In the subclass Vestibulifera is now located the order Entodiniomorphida Reichenow, a group formerly considered to be a spirotrich taxon. A suborder,Blepharocorythinan. subord., is proposed to contain the old “trichostome” family Blepharocorythidae, species commensalistic in horses and ruminants and now—with their syncilia, etc.—considered ancestral to the ophryoscolecids and relatives.In the subclass Hypostomata, order Nassulida, the suborderParanassulinan. subord. is established to contain nassulids which appear more highly evolved thanNassulaitself (e.g.ParanassulaandEnneameron) in perioral ciliature, mode of stomatogenesis, etc. In the enigmatic and still vexatious order Rhynchodida, the suborderAneistrocominan. subord. is erected to embrace rhynchodid genera with an anteriorly located sucking tentacle (and other unique characteristics)—for example,Ancistrocoma, Crebricoma, Holocoma, andSphenophrya.With the banishment of the bulk of the old “thigmotrichs” to the oligohymenophoran order Scuticociliatida, the ancistrocomines are left with the family Hypocomidae (and relatives) in the order Rhynchodida. It is not yet clear, however, how closely related the 2 suborders of rhynchodids should be considered. Special nomenclatural

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Grell, K. G. 1973.Protozoology.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSISCell structure, cell adhesion, and stalk formation have been examined by electron microscopy in the colonial flagellate,Cephalothamnium cyclopum.Each cell is obconical or spindle‐shaped, pointed posteriorly and truncated anteriorly. The cell membrane is underlain by epiplasm 0.1 μm thick in the posterior region, but bands of microtubules support the anterior region which is differentiated into a flagellar pocket, oral apparatus and contractile vacuole. Each of 2 flagella, joined a short way above their bases by an interflagellar connective, has a paraxial rod and mastigonemes. One flagellum is free and is important in food gathering while the other is recurrent and lies in a shallow groove on the ventral cell surface but projects posteriorly into the stalk. The basal bodies of these flagella are bipartite structures connected by a pair of striated rootlets with accessory microtubular fibers. The oral apparatus consists of a funnel‐shaped buccal cavity and cytostome. It is supported by helical and longitudinal microtubules and also has nearby striated and microtubular fibers. Possible roles of associated oral vesicles in relation to ingestion are discussed. A reticulate mitochondrion houses a massive kinetoplast which has a fibrillar substructure resembling that of dinoflagellate chromosomes. Adjacent flagellates adhere by laminate extensions of their posterior regions and attach by their recurrent flagella to a communally secreted stalk composed of finely fibrillar material. This study indicates thatCephalothamniumbelongs in the order Kinetoplastida, and has many features in common with members of the family Bodon

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSISThe fine structure of the epimastigotes ofTrypanosoma cyclopsmaintained in blood agar medium at 25 C is described. This organism was isolated from the Malaysian primatesMacaca nemestrinaandMacaca ira. A distinctive feature ofT. cyclopsis that it is pigmented when grown in the presence of hemoglobin. The pigment bodies apparently lack a substructure and are electron dense even in unstained sections. Most of the pigment is located posterior to the kinetoplast region but some is found adjacent and anterior to the kinetoplast. Cells from control cultures grown in medium lacking hemoglobin did not possess this type of pigment body. Similarly, pigment was not found in cells of an Indonesian trypanosome grown in medium containing hemoglobin.The cytoplasm ofT. cyclopsis bounded by a unit membrane which is specialized where it makes contact with the flagellum. A cytostome extends from the region of the flagellar pocket. The kinetoplast and nucleus are immediately posterior to the base of the flagellum. Transverse sections in the region of the flagellar pocket and flagellar base often reveal a group of 3 microtubules which are distinct from the pellicular microtubules.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03646.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Prescott, David M., ed. 1972.Methods in Cell Physiology.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03647.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSISTwo strains of pathogenicNaegleriawere employed to infect mice and monkey kidney (Vero line) cell cultures. Mice were infected intranasally. Moribund mice were sacrificed and their brains processed for light and electron microscopy. The normal architecture of the infected brain was completely destroyed; the olfactory lobes and the cerebral cortex showed the heaviest damage. The inflammatory response was mainly in the form of neutrophil polymorphs (PMN) and was confined to the olfactory lobes and the superficial regions of cerebral cortex. Numerous amebas were seen interspersed with the degenerating neurons, glial processes, and PMN. Most conspicuous were the food vacuoles which contained host tissue in various stages of digestion. Amebas in the brain tissue also produced many micropinocytotic vesicles from the surface of the plasma membrane. These vesicles are interpreted as vehicles of transport of nutritive materials from the host tissue. The infected cell culture showed the characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE). The CPE was chiefly in the form of cell shrinkage, nuclear pycnosis and discontinuity of cell sheet. Amebas were often seen in an intracellular location. The Vero cells produced many fuzzy pinocytotic vesicles at these loci where the ameba plasma membrane and Vero cell membrane were in close apposition; the probable significance of this is discussed. Most impressive, however, were the pseudopodial formation and capturing of the host material which indicated the great phagocytic activity of the amebas. This was confirmed further by the presence of large numbers of food vacuoles containing host material in various stages of digestion. These observations show that the amebas invade and destroy the brain tissue by active phagocytosis.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSISConsiderable sectioning was required to demonstrate the mitochondrial cristae of pre‐erythrocyticPlasmodium bergheiin rat liver. The cristae vary from thin, budding tubules to dilated cisternae and most are obliquely and tangentially sectioned. These factors give the impression of an unusually small number of cristae. Numerous variations of fixation protocols failed to alter significantly the appearance of pre‐erythrocytic parasite membranes. The data confirm previous suppositions that certain cytoplasmic bodies noted in pre‐erythrocytic mammalian malarial parasites are indeed mitochondria. The term “acristate mitochondria” should be used with great caution in that it raises a serious semanti

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY