摘要:

AbstractA Japanese‐Sino medicine, Keishi‐ka‐jutsubu‐to (KJ), consisting of seven crude drugs, aconite,Atractylodes lancea, peony, liquorice, ginger, cassia and jujube, has long been used clinically to cure chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The antiinflammatory effect induced by KJ and the main roles of the component crude drugs in KJ were investigated on adjuvant‐induced air pouch granuloma in mice. KJ (water‐soluble extract at 50°C) was effective in inhibiting the chronic inflammatory process of angiogenesis, whereas KJ (extract at 100°C without a water‐cooler) was effective for the acute inflammatory processes of inflammatory cell migration and pouch fluid exudation. Keishi‐to (KJ minus aconite andAtractylodes lancea) and a combination of both aconite andAtractylodes lanceaprovided additive inhibition of angiogenesis when used in combination. The interaction between aconite andAtractylodes lanceaalso produced additive inhibition. The effects on angiogenesis of peony, ginger or cassia alone were potentiated, and those of aconite,Atractylodes lanceaor liquorice alone were additive in KJ. Pharmacological analysis of these experimental chronic inflammatory processes demonstrated the role of each drug in the comb

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050502

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of orally administered soft‐shelled turtle powder on experimental liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride were studied. Activities of transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase, content of albumin in serum, total protein, triglyceride and hydroxyproline in liver and histopathological assessment were used as indices of liver injury. Daily oral administration of 100 and 500 mg/kg soft‐shelled turtle powder for 6 weeks did not prevent the acute injury induced by a subsequent single injection of carbon tetrachloride. However, administration of soft‐shelled turtle powder for 6 weeks during chronic treatment with carbon tetrachloride significantly and dose‐dependently ameliorated the liver injury. The increases in glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum were attenuated, and there was a noticeable improvement of serum album and liver total protein content in rats treated with the powder. In addition, histopathological observation demonstrated a decrease in fatty degeneration in the liver of rats treated with the powder. None of the indices of liver injury was significantly affected by 6‐week oral administration of soft‐shelled turtle powder in non‐carbon tetrachloride‐treated rats. The results suggest that repeated administrations of soft‐shelled turtle powder have a therapeutic effect on chronic liver injury, by improving liver function

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050503

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe water soluble anticomplementary, mitogenic and immune complex (IC) clearance enhancing crude polysaccharide fraction, prepared from the roots ofGlycyrrhiza uralensisFisch.etDC., was fractionated into five polysaccharide fractions by the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. A strongly acidic polysaccharide fraction (GR‐2), which has the most potent immunostimulating fraction, contained about 60% galacturonic acid with arabinose, galactose and glucose as the major neutral sugars, and a small quantity of protein. Pronase digestion did not alter the anticomplementary and mitogenic activities, however, endo‐α‐(1→4)‐polygalacturonase digestion reduced both activities. The IC clearance activity of GR‐2 was slightly decreased by pronase digestion but not by endo‐polygalacturonase digestion. GR‐2 was further purified by ion exchange chromatography and gave GR‐2IIa, GR‐2IIb and GR‐2IIc. GR‐2IIa and IIb are mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid and showed only moderate anticomplementary activity. GR‐2IIc consisted of rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid as the component sugars with a small quantity of protein. GR‐2IIc had the most potent anticomplementary, mitogenic and IC clearance activities. From these results it may be concluded that anticomplementary and mitogenic activities are caused by polysaccharides containi

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050504

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractShilajit, a panacea of oriental medicine, collected from different countries, exhibits overtly different levels of bioactivity. The effects of shilajit, collected from India, Nepal, Pakistan and Soviet Russia, and the effects of organic constituents isolated from a potent shilajit sample, were studied in a number of antistress and CNS activity paradigms. Shilajit from Kumaon (India), Dolpa (Nepal), and a combintion (1:1) of the total ethylacetate extracts (TE) and fulvic acids (FAs), from Kumaon shilajit, produced statistically significant effects in forced swimming‐induced immobility in albino mice; restraint stress and aspirin‐induced gastric ulcers in pylorus ligated albino rats; and augmented the learning acquisition and memory retention in old rats. The potential risk of ingesting shilajit, in the native form as a ‘health product’, was appraised in view of its high stable free radical content and possible contamination with mycotoxin‐producing fungi. Hence, there is an imperative need for formulation of shilajit on the basis of its isolated active constituents (TE and FAs). Additionally, the physical and spectral characteristics of active FAs (bioactivity‐directed) were determined and compared with those of less active and inactive samples. These would provide predictability for selection of FAs for formulation

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050505

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEarlier studies showed that the extract ofNelumbo nuciferaGaertn., an aquatic Indian plant, produced hypoglycaemia and an improvement of glucose tolerance in normal rabbits. Further investigations were undertaken. Chronic administration of plant extracts (test drugs) to normal rats did not produce a sustained fall of fasting blood sugar levels although daily doses caused hypoglycaemia as an acute effect; concurrent glucose tolerance studies showed beneficial effects.In vitrostudies with rat hemidiaphragms revealed that test drug treatment of donor animals significantly enhanced the effect of insulin. The improvement of glucose tolerance therefore may also be due to increased peripheral glucose utilization caused by increased sensitivity of skeletal muscles to endogenous insulin. Comparative studies were also carried out in moderately diabetic rabbits using test drugs (equivalent to 1000 mg/kg of crude material) and standard drugs phenformin and tolbutamide (100 mg/kg each). The test drugs showed acute and chronic effects in suppressing hyperglycaemia, but were less potent than standard drugs. However, test drugs significantly improved glucose tolerance in these animals. With severely diabetic rabbits, these drugs proved to be ineffective even at four‐fold higher doses. Toxicity studies in normal rats did not show any deleterious effect on kidney, heart or liver during an 8‐week study per

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050506

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPicroliv, an iridoid glycoside mixture from the root and rhizome ofPicrorhiza kurrooa, showed dose‐dependent protective activity on isolated hepatocytes (ex vivo) against thioacetamide‐induced hepatic damage in the rat. It enhanced the percentage of viable hepatic cells. Picroliv also antagonized the changes in the enzymes GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase produced by thioacetamide both in the isolated hepatocyte suspension as well as in serum. It was found to be more potent than silymarin, a known hepatoprotective ag

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050507

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present paper, the plant resources, chemistry, pharmacology and clinical therapy of berbamine are reported. From a botanical survey it was found that there are 32 species ofBerberisplants containing berbamine utilized in China. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that berbamine possesses significant leukogenic effects in rats and dogs injured by an anticancer agent, and clinical observations demonstrated a therapeutic effect in 405 patients with leukopenia. It is suggested that berbamine may not only be useful as a leukogenic drug but is also useful as an adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050508

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe antiinflammatory effect of a water extract of aconite root and its constituent alkaloids on adjuvant‐induced air pouch granuloma in the mouse was investigated. Aconite alkaloids were more potent than, and aconite extracts were equipotentto, hydrocortisone and indomethacin against angiogenesis in chronic inflammatio

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050509

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCalaguala, an extract from the fernPolypodium decumanum, has been used to treat psoriasis and other immunologically related disorders. In order to elucidate whether an immunosuppressive mechanism could explain the clinical effect, Calaguala was studied in a skin model of allograft rejection in mice. Calaguala significantly prolonged the allograft survival compared with untreated transplanted mice. The results indicate that Calaguala exerts an immunosuppressive effect which could explain at least partly, the positive clinical results on psoriasis.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050510

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA.satureioidesis reported to have antiinflammatory activity after oral and topical administration. The use of a concentrated extract as the raw material for the preparation of a plastic pharmaceutical dosage form is examined. Loss on drying, chromatographic evaluation of the major constituents and quantitative assay of quercetin were found to be adequate for characterizing the extract.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050511

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY