摘要:

AbstractToki‐Shakuyaku‐San (TJ‐23) is one of the most popular Kampo medicines in Japan and it is used for the treatment of ovarian dysfunction and menopausal syndrome in women. We have demonstrated that TJ‐23 has a neuroendocrine effect and facilitates hypothalamic‐controlled pituitary and ovarian functions. Furthermore, we have also observed that TJ‐23 has a stimulatory effect for the synthesis and release of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, dopamine and norepinephrine by activating related enzymes in the brain. Furthermore, TJ‐23 increases the synthesis of nicotine acetylcholine receptors in the brain. Administration of TJ‐23 facilitates memory related behaviour in experimental animals. In addition TJ‐23 has a neuroprotective effect for neuron death. The clinical application of TJ‐23 in open trials for patients with Alzheimer's disease improved their memory related behaviour and intellectual function. Moreover, treatment with TJ‐23 provides motivation for daily life in Alzheimer‐type patients with dementia.Basic research and clinical trials suggest strongly that TJ‐23 has a therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of demen

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070602

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRepeated p.o. administration of myristicin and dehydrodiisoeugenol, monomeric and dimeric phenylpropanoids from mace, resulted in suppression of the lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice, which was induced by repeated i.p. injection of FeCl2–ascorbic acid–ADP. In addition, a slight decrease of SOD activity by treatment with FeCl2–ascorbic acid–ADP was recovered by administration of these compounds.Various constituents isolated from mace inhibited the lipid peroxidation in a rat liver homogenate, which was induced by FeCl2–ascorbic acid, CCl4–NADPH or ADP–NADPH. Of these compounds, 2,3‐dihydro‐7‐methoxy‐3‐methyl‐2‐ (3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl)‐5‐propenylbenzofuran, myristicanol‐B and 7‐hydroxymyristicin strongly inhibited the FeCl2–ascorbic acid‐induced lipid peroxidation by 70%–100% at 0.1–0.2 mM, and most of the constituents also strongly inhibited the ADP–NADPH‐induced lipid peroxidation at the same concentrations. On the other hand, these compounds weakly inhibited the CCl4–NADPH‐induced lipid peroxidation.On the basis of the above findings, myristicin and dehydrodiisoeugenol administered to mice may inhibit the lipid peroxidation in the liver possibly by scave

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070603

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPowdered roots ofPicrorhiza kurrooa(PK), its alcoholic extract (AEPK) and active constituents kutkin, picroside‐1 and kutkoside demonstrated antiinflammatory activity (AIA) in a variety of test models. Significant AIA was recorded in adjuvant‐induced and formaldehyde arthritis in rats and mice. In carrageenan‐induced oedema inhibitory activity was remarkably enhanced upon intraperitoneal treatment in rats and mice. Kutkin exhibited significant action in dextran‐induced oedema in rats. It inhibited acetic acid induced vascular permeability in mice and leucocyte migration in rats. Kutkin lacked any analgesic, antipyretic or ulcerogenic

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070604

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities of the water (WE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts ofScoparia dulcisL. were tested in mice and rats. Both extracts (0.5 and 1 g/kg) p.o., prolonged the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital in mice, EE being more active than WE. Injections of EE (0.5–2 mg/kg i.v.) to anaesthetized rats induced a dose‐related hypertension inhibited by alpha‐blocker drugs; the hypertension was not obtained after oral treatment. EE (0.25‐1 g/kg p.o.) but not WE, reduced writhings induced by acetic acid in mice. Glutinol (30 mg/kg p.o.), a major triterpene obtained from EE, produced the same effect. The tail flick response of mice was not influenced by either extract. EE (0.5 and 1 g/kg) and glutinol (30 mg/kg) p.o., reduced the paw oedema and pleurisy induced by carrageenin in rats, but only EE (1 g/kg) reduced the paw oedema induced by dextran or histamine. No effect of EE was detected on chronic inflammation induced by cotton pellets and in yeast‐induced hyperthermia in rats. The results indicate that the extract ofS. dulcisis endowed with analgesic effects probably related to the antiinflammatory activity of the plant. Those effects are related mainly to the presence of glutinol and flavonoids, which exert their action on the early phase of the acute inflammator

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070605

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChilean flora is a potential source of bioactive compounds, including some with antiviral activity. Ninety aqueous and hydroaloholic extracts from 36 native and introduced plant species were screened for antiviral activity on herpes (HSV‐1 and HSV‐2) and HIV viruses. Furthermore, the samples were assayed for antimicrobial effect on pathogenic bacteria and a yeast. Plants were selected according to their indication of use for treating symptomatology of possible viral aetiology in Chilean folk medicine. The hydroaloholic extracts ofCassia stipulaceaandEscallonia illintiaexhibited detectable antiviral effects towards HSV‐1 with IC50values of 80 and 40 μg crude extract/mL, respectively. Samples belonging toAristotelia chilensis(IC50of 40 μg/mL),Drymis winteri(IC50values of 35 and 80μg/mL),Elytropus chilensisandLuma apiculata, with an IC50value of 100 μg/mL showed activity against HSV‐2. None of the extracts showed activity against HIV at extract concentrations which were nontoxi

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070606

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBisnordihydrotoxiferine and vellosimine, two tertiary indole alkaloids have been isolated from the root ofStrychnos divaricans. Bisnordihydrotoxiferine antagonized in a nonspecific manner, oxytocin and acetylcholine induced contractions in the rat uterus and acetylcholine and histamine responses in the guinea‐pig ileum. Bisnordihydrotoxiferine, like verapamil, produced effects on voltage dependent Ca2+channels. For example in guinea‐pig ileum, bisnordihydrotoxiferine (pD'23.92±0.09) and verapamil (pD'26.00±0.11) inhibited KCl induced contractions. Furthermore, bisnordihydrotoxiferine (pD'24.37±0.02) and verapamil (pD'26.83±0.10) also antagonized CaCl2induced contractions of K+‐depolarized rat uterus. When compared with sodium nitroprusside, an antagonist of receptor operated Ca2+channels, bisnordihydrotoxiferine had no effect. However, in the aorta, the alkaloid (IC50, 6.10 × 10−6M) antagonized the intracellular calcium dependent transient contractions of noradrenaline and it was about four times more potent than procaine (IC50, 2.30 × 10−5M), a known inhibitor of the release of Ca2+from intracellular stores. Bisnordihydrotoxiferine may produce nonspecific spasmolytic actions mainly by inhibiting intracellular calcium mobilization and to a lesser extent by inhibiting voltage dependent calcium channels in

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070607

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of processed shilajit (SJ‐P) was evaluated on murine peritoneal macrophages and on the cohabiting fibroblasts. The study revealed a dynamic aspect of modulation of the peritoneal cells by SJ‐P (200–600 mcg/mouse), when administered intraperitoneally. The findings further suggested that by carefully determining the dose, SJ‐P can be used in wound healing and in related inflammatory disease

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070608

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCrude water extract and a flavonoid fraction ofMyrtus communiswere found to possess molluscicidal activity against the aquatic snailBiomphalaria glabratainvolved in the transmission of schistosomiasis.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070609

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe methanolic fraction of the extract of unripe fruits ofPsidium guajavawas found to possess significant antidiarrhoeal activity. The fraction decreased gastric motility in an experimental animal model and inhibited acetylcholine release from isolated guinea‐pig ileum. On microbial screening the fraction was found to inhibit significantly the growth of different strains ofShigella spp.andVibrio cholera

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070610

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070611

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY