摘要:

AbstractThis discovery of the regulation of the immune response by hormone‐like proteins (lymphokines) offers opportunities for the search for novel and specific immunomodulators through new screening procedures; it has also assisted the analysis of the mechanism of action of established immunomodulators. This is illustrated by reference to a range of immunomodulators of plant or fungal origin, chosen for the recent progress in the understanding of their mechanism of action, or their potential clinical importance. These are the vaccine adjuvant saponin, the non‐specific immunostimulators lentinan and krestin (fungal polysaccharides) and bestatin (a fungal peptide) and the immunosuppressive fungal peptide cyclospori

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhytochemical study of the leaves ofPanax trifoliusL. resulted in the isolation of two flavonoids and four ginsenosides. The two flavonoids were found to be kaempferol‐3,7‐dirhamnoside and kaempferol‐3‐gluco‐7‐rhamnoside. The four ginsenosides were identified as ginsenoside —Rd, —Rc, —Rb3and notoginsenoside‐Fe. The common aglycones of these flavonoids and ginsenosides were shown to be kaempferol and (20S)‐protopan

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects ofCroton penduliflorusseed crystals (CP crystals) were investigated on isolated guinea‐pig ileum, chick biventer cervicis muscle and frog rectus abdominis muscle. The effect of the crystals on flood pressure of normotensive Sprague Dawley rats was also investigated. CP crystals induced concentrations‐dependent contractions in the guinea‐pig ileum with EC50of 2.39 × 106g/mL. Contractions induced by CP crystals in the guinea‐pig ileum were not inhibited by atropine (2 × 10−7‐1.2 × 10−6g/mL), tetrodotoxin (3 × 10−8‐2 × 10−7g/mL), hexamethonium (7 × 10−6‐2.8 × 10−5g/mL), mepyramine (2 × 10−7g/mL) and noradrenaline (2 × 10−5g/mL) but were completely (100%) inhibited by indomethacin (7.2 × 10−6g/mL). CP crystals (1.0 × 10−6‐5.0 × 10−4g/mL) could not elicit contractions in either chick biventer cervicis or frog rectus abdominis muscle. The mean blood pressure of normotensive Sprague Dawley rats was significantly reduced by CP crystals (1.6 × 10−4‐2.5 × 10−3g/mL) while the heart rate was significantly reduced by an intravenous infusion of the crystals (2.5 × 10−3g/kg) after 2min. The methods employe

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCapsaicin extracted from natural sources (Capsicum frutescens) and standard capsaicin (Sigma Chemicals) were used in this study. On acute treatment capsaicin produced a dose‐related inflammatory response in rat paw as measured by the volume displacement method. This response was found to be synergestic when injected with carrageenan. Preliminary experiments showed that pretreatment with diphenhydramine‐HCl produced a significant inhibition of this acute capsaicin induced paw oedema, whereas indomethacin and methysergide were ineffective in blocking paw oedema. On the other hand, chronically capsaicin treated rats (for 10 days) showed a significant inhibition of paw oedema when treated with either carregeenan or a single high dose of capsaicin. Both the extracted and the standard capsaicin showed a similar type of response in all experime

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe methanolic fraction of the root extractM. cordatawas found to possess significant anti‐ulcer activity in different experimental models. In preventive tests the extract demonstrated significant protective action in gastric lesions induced by acetylsalicylic acid, serotonin and indomethacin in experimental rats. Significant protection was observed with the extract in chemically‐induced duodenal lesions. Significant enhancement of the healing process was also found to occur in acetic acid‐induced chronic gastric lesions in experimental an

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe anti‐ulcer activity of extracts fromDittrichia viscosa(L.) W. Greuter by means of different experimental gastric ulcer models was investigated. The results of this report indicate that the antiulcerogenic effect ofDittrichia viscosalies mainly in its flavonoid fraction (the etheral extract, 1,14%), which afforded the predominant flavonoid, quercetin. This flavonol exercised a significant curative effect mainly in prolonged treatment of induced ulcers in rat

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFulvic acids (FA) and 4′‐methoxy‐6‐carbomethoxybiphenyl (MCB, 1), two major organic compounds isolated from Shilajit (a humus product), were screened for anti‐ulcerogenic activity in albino rats. Both FA and MCB showed significant anti‐ulerogenic effects in the battery of tests accepted for this purpose. The mechanism of anti‐ulcerogenic action was studied with MCB on the basis of its effects on mucin content (gastric juice carbohydrates and carbohydrate/protein ratio) and on the concentration of DNA and protein in the gastric juice. The MCB‐induced changes in the mucosa provided resistance against the effect of ulcerogens and also against shedding of mucosal cells. A preliminary acute toxicity study indicated that both FA and MCB had a low or

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClinical laboratory data on six male diabetic patients attending an out‐patient clinic at the Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine (CSRPM) were used to evaluate the therapeutic and possible toxic effects ofIndigofera arrecta, a plant used at CSRPM for the control of diabetes mellitus. Levels of plasma glucose and serum triacylglycerol (TG) were used as indices for therapeutic effect; serum proteins, bilirubin, cholesterol and the enzymes gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and the aminotransferases for hepatotoxic effects; and blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and its clearance rate as indices of nephrotoxicity. Hematological indices were also measured. The results show that an aqueous extract ofI. arrectaadministered orally, significantly lowered blood glucose levels during the first 2 weeks of administration. Levels of serum TG and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly lowered at the end of the 12 week treatment period. There was also a significant decrease in blood creatinine levels accompanied by an increase in creatinine clearance rate. Other metabolites, enzymes, excretory products and hematological indices that were determined were not affected. The results indicate that the mode of action of the plant extract is not primarily through lowering of blood glucos

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHomogenized garlic (Allium sativumLinn.) was extracted successively with organic solvents and the prostaglandin‐rich fraction separated. Fractionation of the extract with column chromatography was performed. TLC of the extract indicated that prostaglandin like materials could be present. GC analysis detected prostaglandinsA2andF1αin the extract. This conclusion was confirmed by enrichment procedures using

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hypoglycemic activity of various root, stem, leaf and fruit preparations ofGlaucium flavumCrantz, was studied in normoglycemic experimental animals. Having found that the leaf decoction was the most potent preparation, its hypoglycemic activity was further studied in hyperglycemic and alloxan‐diabetic animals. Although the leaf decoction was an effective agonist in glucose‐induced hyperglycemia, it was almost inactive in alloxan‐induced dia

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650020411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY