摘要:

AbstractThein vitroimmunomodulatory activities of extracts from African medicinal plants have been studied. Certain extracts exerted enhancing effects in a concentration dependent manner on immune cells from three different strains of mice. Among these were an enhancement of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and tumoricidal potential of macrophages, and stimulation of the oxidative burst of macrophages and granulocytes. In contrast, the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes was only marginally affected. Enhanced macrophage and granulocyte activation was also detected using leucocytes of the LPS nonresponder strain C3H/HeJ. From the latter it can be concluded that the observed stimulatory effects of the plant extractsin vitrowere not due to contamination with lipopolysaccharides.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080702

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hepatoprotective effects of the Taiwanese herb ‘Horngtyan‐wu’ (Alternanthera sessilis(L.) DC.) were investigated in three kinds of experimental animal model. Acute hepatitis was induced by various chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride (31.25 μL/kg, i.p.) or acetaminophen (paracetamol; 600 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice and D(+)‐galactosamine (188 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. When treated withA. sessilis(300 mg/kg, p.o.) at 2, 6 and 10 h, a reduction in elevation of serum glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and glutamate pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels could be observed at 24 h after administration of the three hepatotoxins. These serological observations were also confirmed by histopathological examinations including centrilobular necrosis, eosinophilic bodies, pyknotic nuclei, microvesicular degeneration of hepatocytes and others. The liver microscopic examination showed a noted improvement in groups receivingA. sessilis.All pharmacological and histopathological effects were compared with observations using the hepatoprotective Chinese herb,Bupleurum chinense(Family Umbelliferae). It was confirmed thatA. sessilishas hepatoprotective effects against liver injuries induced by hepatotoxins with different me

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080703

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aqueous extract ofKalanchoe pinnataleaves was found to cause significant inhibition of cell‐mediated and humoral immune responses in mice. The spleen cells of animals pre‐treated withK. pinnatashowed a decreased ability to proliferate in response to both mitogen and to antigenin vitro.Treatment withK. pinnataalso impaired the ability of mice to mount a delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) to ovalbumin. The intravenous and topical routes of administration were the most effective by almost completely abolishing the DTH reaction. The intraperitoneal and oral routes reduced the reaction by 73% and 47% of controls, respectively. The specific antibody responses to ovalbumin were also significantly reduced by treatment. Together, these observations indicate that the aqueous extract ofK. pinnatapossesses an immunosuppressive act

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080704

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hypolipidaemic action of picroliv, a standarized preparaton fromPicrorhiza kurrooa, has been studied in normal as well as in triton‐ and cholesterol‐fed rats. Serum lipids were found to be lowered by picroliv (25 mg/kg b.w.) in triton WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipaemia. Chronic feeding of this drug (6 mg/kg b.w.) in normal rats and in animals simultaneously treated with cholesterol (25 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days caused lowering in the lipid and protein levels constituting β‐lipoproteins followed by an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol in experimental animals. Picroliv alters lipolytic activities in plasma, liver, heart an adipose tissues and stimulated receptor mediated catabolism of low density lipoprotein. The lipid lowering action of the natural product is mediated through inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in liver, increased faecal bile acid excretion and enhanced plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferas

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080705

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOxygen radical injury and lipid peroxidation have been suggested as major causes of cancer, atherosclerosis and the aging process. In this study, we determinedin vitrothe effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) and one of its components, S‐allyl cysteine (SAC), on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced oxidant injury using bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). After overnight preincubation with AGE or SAC, PAEC monolayers were exposed to H2O2for 3 h. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and lipid peroxidation were measured to assess oxidant injury. Pretreatment with AGE at 2–4 mg/mL or SAC at 4 mg/mL significantly reversed the loss of cell viability induced by 50 and 100 μm of H2O2. AGE or SAC also exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibition of both LDH release and lipid peroxidation induced by 50 μM of H2O2. The results show that both AGE and SAC can protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidant injury. The data thus suggest that these compounds may be useful for retardation of the aging process and for prevention of cancer and athero

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080706

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe alcoholic extract ofPfaffia paniculatadried roots was studied for analgesic antiinflammatory activity in the rat paw oedema test, writhing test, hot plate test and increased vascular permeability.Pfaffia paniculatainhibited the carrageenin‐induced rat paw oedema and increased vascular permeability and showed analgesic activity on inflammatory pain but not on noninflammatory pain. Moreover the extract was devoid of local irritant actio

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080707

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the traditional Indian system of medicineCrateva nurvala(Hindi: Varuna) constitutes a major ingredient of formulations used to treat urinary disorders including urolithiasis. In an earlier study we confirmed the antiurolithiatic activity in the crude extract of the plant, and further fractionation led to the isolation of the active constituent lupeol (Lup‐20(29)‐en‐3β‐ol). Antiurolithiatic activity of lupeol was assessed in rats by observing the weight of the stone, biochemical analysis of serum and urine, and histopathology of bladder and kidney. Lupeol not only prevented the formation of vesical calculi but also reduced the size of the preforme

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080708

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects were studied of a methanolic extract of the brown algaLaminaria ochroleucaon the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Spontaneous motor activity, exploratory behaviour, motor coordination, d‐amphetamine‐induced hypermotility, body temperature, pentobarbital‐induced hypnosis, pentylenetetrazole‐induced convulsions and analgesic activity were assessed. At doses between 25 and 100mg/kg, the extract showed significant activity in all tests except that of pentylenetetrazole‐induced convulsions. It is concluded that the methanolic extract ofLaminaria ochroleucais a CNS depressant with slight analgesic

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080709

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study investigates some neuropharmacological effects of an ethanol extract of the leaves ofPalisota ambigua(Commelineae), a medicinal plant in Central Africa. Intraperitoneal administration of the extract induced hyperthermia and reduced the writhing response induced by acetic acid. In addition, the extract augmented the duration of sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital and delayed the onset of clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole. By contrast, the extract did not affect convulsions induced by maximal electroschock and picrotoxin.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080710

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been reported that flavonoidsin vitrohave the capacity to inhibit aldose reductase. The aim of this study was to evaluate this propertyin vivo. We chose diosmin, a freely available and inexpensive flavonoid without major side effects. Streptozotocin diabetic rats were treated for a period of 8 months with diosmin, mixed with their food. Sorbitol accumulation was measured in erythrocytes and in eye lenses. In these tissues diosmin did not appear to inhibit aldose reductase.However, diosmin‐treated animals maintained a greater body weight than the untreated group. Although the glycaemic values were the same, and the insulinaemias even lower in the diosmin group, glycated haemoglobin was significantly decreased compared with the untreated animals. Skin collagen fluorescence, an index of collagen glycation, was also significantly decreased in the treated animals. Malondialdehyde, a stable end product of lipid peroxidation, was decreased in the treated animals. Diosmin was well tolerated by the animals.In conclusion, diosmin is a safe and inexpensive product. It cannot inhibit aldose reductase activityin vivobut diosmin causes a significant reduction of the glycation of proteins in diabetic animals. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation is also observed but it is not clear whether or not this phenomenon is a direct consequence of the decreased glycatio

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080711

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY